SearchCommercial & Corporate Lending

Credit Policy & Precedent Search

Credit Policy & Precedent Search: the rule in force, how the bank has used it, and the test worked on your deal

Junior analysts get cited answers without waiting on senior staff.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo12sto answer an 80% loan-to-value question — 6 agents, 11 sources, every sentence cited
demo3,412memosapproved and declined since 2019, searched with how each loan has performed
target14sfrom a question to a cited answer
target100%of sentences open at their source
In short

What is Credit Policy & Precedent Search?

A search solution for credit analysts that answers from the bank's own credit policy, underwriting guides, past approved and declined memos and senior reviewers' comments. Each answer gives the rule in force, how the bank has used it and how those loans performed, and the policy test worked on the analyst's own deal — with every sentence opening at its source.

How to choose AI solutions for lending →

Updated

The problem

Why a new analyst's policy question waits a day or two

A commercial credit analyst writing a memo asks the questions every new analyst has asked: does this count toward leverage, what did we do last time, who can approve the exception, what will the reviewer ask? The answers sit in a 212-page credit policy, nine underwriting guides, thousands of past approved and declined memos and the comments senior credit officers left on them.

Large banks closed most of their formal credit training programmes years ago, and the lenders those programmes trained are retiring. So the questions go to the few senior people left — who are also the review bottleneck on every deal. An analyst who misreads a limit either kills a good deal or sends an exception to committee unlabelled, and the lesson the bank already learned sits in a memo nobody can find.

typical2–4hoursof manual work per credit memo
estimated1–2dayswaiting on a senior for an answer
demo33memossent back by reviewers in the 90 days before — 14 in the latest 90
Where the hours go on one policy question in a credit memoestimated
By hand11.5 days
With the solution1.9 days
  • Finding the policy section in force0.5 → 0.1 d
  • Searching past memos for a precedent1 → 0.1 d
  • Waiting on a senior for the answer8 → 1 d
  • Working the policy test on the deal1 → 0.3 d
  • Writing the cited memo paragraph1 → 0.5 d

Estimated split, in hours, for one policy or precedent question in a commercial credit memo — by hand and with the solution.

How it works

How a question is answered

Six specialist agents answer from the policy, past memos and reviewers' comments; the analyst writes and a senior approves exceptions.

What comes in
The bank's own record3,412 memos · policy, memos, reviewer comments, the deal
Agents at work
Question scoperreads the deal
Then
Policy finder
Precedent finder
Reviewer-comment miner
Then
Worked-example calculatoron the deal's numbers
Then
Citation checkerevery sentence
A person decides
Credit analystwrites the memo
What comes out
Cited answer
Worked example
Memo paragraph
One case, step by step

Two questions, from asked to a cited memo paragraph

Monday 12 October. Priya Raman, seven months in role, is writing two memos: Kestrel Precision Machining wants to buy the plant it leases, and her own Hollis & Crane acquisition goes to credit committee on Thursday. Here is her morning, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 01Monday morning

    Gina's question, answered beside the deal

    Priya Raman · Credit analyst II

    Relationship manager Gina Torres asks: “Can we go to 80% LTV on owner-occupied industrial?” The answer opens worked on Kestrel Precision Machining. The rule in force is §6.4.2, quoted word for word: the loan may not exceed 75% of the lower of the purchase price or the appraised value. Above 75%, to 80%, is a policy exception under §9.2.3; Renata Silva, senior credit officer for real estate, may approve it; never above 85%, the supervisory limit.

    “Answered in 12 s · 6 agents · 11 sources · every sentence cited”

  2. 02Same screen

    How the bank has actually used the rule

    Precedent finder

    Every past decision sits on one scale against the policy line: 27 decisions on owner-occupied industrial since 2019 — 19 within 75%, 6 by exception, 2 declined above 80%. Three precedents follow, each with what the bank decided and how the loan has done since: Brightwater Machining and Haldane Fabrication at 80% by exception, both performing and never past due; Corwin Cabinetry refused the exception at 1.18x coverage and approved at 75%.

    Renata Silva, on Brightwater: “Five points on owner-occupied is fine when the operating company carries the debt at 1.4x or better. Below that, no.”

  3. 03Worked on Kestrel

    A $170,000 exception, drafted with six citations

    Priya Raman · Credit analyst II

    On Kestrel's own numbers — $3,400,000 price, $2,720,000 requested, a $2,550,000 policy maximum — the exception is $170,000, five points, within §9.2.3. Global coverage is 1.45x. Priya drafts the exception paragraph: every clause carries its citation, and she can edit it before it goes into section 3 of the memo. One more click sends it to Renata Silva with the rule, the three precedents and the numbers.

    “Added to section 3 of the Kestrel memo with 6 citations · exception labelled on page one”

  4. 04Her own deal

    Do the synergies count toward leverage?

    Priya Raman · Credit analyst II

    Hollis & Crane Packaging is buying Pell Corrugated. Policy §4.3.4 lets synergies count only when documented by a quality-of-earnings report or signed contracts, and never above 10% of pro forma EBITDA. Of the $580,000 in the borrower's model, $423,000 is credited: leverage is 3.12x, inside the 3.25x grade 5 limit. With no synergies it is 3.43x — and that figure decides whether it is an exception.

  5. 0514 seconds

    The deal the bank got right, and the one it learned from

    Precedent finder · Reviewer-comment miner

    Ardent Valve & Fitting was approved by exception at 3.40x with no synergies and a step-down covenant to 3.00x by year two — paid as agreed. Bramwell Paperboard was approved by credit committee on planned synergies with no quality-of-earnings report, and downgraded to grade 7 in March 2024 when only $80,000 of $350,000 arrived. Tanager Tool & Die was declined at 3.90x, with its largest customer at 41% of sales.

    Walt Ostrander, on Ardent Valve: “Show me leverage with zero synergies. If it’s over policy at zero, call it an exception and say why we live with it.”

  6. 06Read in full

    The full written answer, and how it was built

    Citation checker

    The full answer gives the short answer, the deal worked line by line, what it means under §9.2 and how the bank decided before. Beside it, each agent's step is shown with its time: the scoper read her draft of 9 October, the policy finder found §4.3.1 and §4.3.4, the precedent finder ranked 41 acquisition loans to manufacturers, and the checker confirmed 11 sentences against their passages and removed none.

  7. 07In the policy

    The section behind the answer

    Priya Raman · Credit analyst II

    Every citation opens at its passage, and the policy itself is one click away: Credit Policy v14, §4.3 Leverage, pages 58–62, current version, with the rules the answer rests on highlighted — the 3.25x grade 5 limit and the §4.3.4 sentence that synergies count only when documented, and in no case above 10% of pro forma EBITDA. Beside it: 64 questions from 9 analysts on this section in 90 days, and what changed in v14.

  8. 08Before committee

    Every acquisition loan like hers, side by side

    Priya Raman · Credit analyst II

    Precedents ranks past memos against Hollis & Crane: 41 acquisition loans to manufacturers since 2019, 29 approved and 12 declined. Nine were approved above the limit with no synergies — every one a §9.2 exception. Three were downgraded within two years, two of them credited synergies without a quality-of-earnings report. She compares her deal with Ardent Valve, Corliss Plastics and Tanager Tool & Die.

  9. 09Worked on her numbers

    Leverage on her numbers, and what Walt will ask

    Worked-example calculator

    My deal shows the test line by line: pro forma EBITDA of $4,230,000, $423,000 of synergies credited, $14,500,000 of funded debt. Five tests pass and one is an exception: leverage with no synergies, over by 0.18x — within the 0.50x a senior credit officer may approve. Fixed-charge coverage is 1.31x without synergies. Alongside are the four questions Walt Ostrander is likely to ask, each with a cited draft answer.

    The calculator never changes a deal figure and never assigns a risk grade.

  10. 10Written

    The leverage paragraph, in the memo, without waiting

    Priya Raman · Credit analyst II

    Priya adds the cited leverage paragraph to section 6.2: 3.43x with no synergies, 3.12x capped, labelled a policy exception for senior credit officer approval, with the Ardent Valve step-down as the mitigant and Bramwell named as the difference. Six citations go in with it. Walt Ostrander decides on the exception; Priya did not have to wait on him to write it.

    “Added to section 6.2 with 6 citations · exception labelled on page one”

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who touches a credit memo.

The same two deals, seen by the five people around them — what their week looked like, and what it looks like now.

PR
Priya RamanCredit analyst II, seven months in role
Credit analyst
Before
Writes three to four memos a week and waits on a senior for every policy question she cannot answer from the binder.
Now
Asks beside the deal, gets the rule, the precedents and the test on her own numbers, and writes the cited paragraph the same morning.
DO
Dana OkaforOwns training and memo quality
Head of credit analysis
Before
Has nine analysts, six of them hired this year, and two senior people who can teach. She learns where they struggle when memos come back.
Now
Sees what every analyst asked, what answered it and where the policy is silent. Reviewers sent back 14 memos in the last 90 days, down from 33 the 90 days before.
WO
Walt OstranderCommercial and industrial · approves exceptions
Senior credit officer
Before
Has answered the synergy question a hundred times, and reviews memos that do not show leverage with zero synergies.
Now
His comments answer the next analyst for him; memos arrive with the exception labelled and his likely questions already answered.
RS
Renata SilvaReal estate
Senior credit officer
Before
Spends half her week on questions the policy already answers.
Now
Gets the exceptions that are hers to decide, with the rule, the precedents and the borrower's numbers attached.
MH
Marcus HaleMiddle market
Relationship manager
Before
Finds out after committee whether a structure was an exception.
Now
Knows the same day whether the deal is inside policy, and who may approve it if it is not.
Built on the engine

6 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Six specialist agents answer from the policy, past memos and reviewers' comments; the analyst writes and a senior approves exceptions.

Question scoper

Reads the question and the analyst's open deal — industry, purpose, proposed grade and numbers — so every search starts from the right facts.

  • Never guesses a deal fact — reads it from the memo draft or asks
  • Reads only deals the analyst may open
Policy finder

Finds the governing sections of the current credit policy and underwriting guides, and quotes the passage with section and page.

  • Never cites a superseded version as current
  • Says “no passage” rather than inferring a rule
Precedent finder

Ranks past approved and declined memos by purpose, industry, size and structure, and adds what happened after from annual reviews and grade changes.

  • Never shows a memo the user may not open
  • Declined memos to credit staff only
Reviewer-comment miner

Finds what senior credit officers wrote about the same point on similar memos.

  • Quotes reviewers word for word
  • Never says a reviewer approved what they did not
Worked-example calculator

Applies the policy tests to the analyst's own numbers — leverage with and without synergies, coverage, concentration and equity — and shows every line of the working with its source.

  • Never alters a deal figure
  • Never assigns a risk grade
Citation checker

Checks every sentence of the answer against the passage it cites, removes anything unsupported, and logs a policy gap when three questions on one point find no policy text.

  • No sentence leaves without a source
  • Never says a deal or exception is approved
Credit analyst

Writes the memo; a senior credit officer approves exceptions. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about the policy, a past memo or your own deal

Analysts can ask in plain words, or tell it what to write. Every answer is cited to the policy section, memo or reviewer comment it rests on.

Can the acquisition synergies count toward leverage?

Partly. Synergies count only when documented, capped at 10% of pro forma EBITDA — $423,000 of the $580,000 on Hollis & Crane. That gives 3.12x, inside the 3.25x limit; with no synergies it is 3.43x, which policy treats as an exception.

Can we go to 80% LTV on owner-occupied industrial?

Not within policy: owner-occupied industrial stops at 75%. 80% is a five-point exception Renata Silva may approve. The bank has done it six times since 2019, always at 78–80% with coverage above 1.40x — all six are performing.

What will Walt ask about this memo?

From his comments on the four closest memos, expect: leverage with zero synergies, and why we live with it; why this is not Bramwell again; the contract end date for any customer above 20%; and coverage without the synergies. Each has a cited draft answer on your deal.

Add the leverage paragraph to my memo, with citations

Added to section 6.2: 3.43x with no synergies, 3.12x capped, labelled a policy exception for Walt Ostrander under §9.2, with the Ardent Valve step-down as the mitigant. All four of Walt’s likely questions are now answered in the memo.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

SearchThe question beside the deal, the rule in force quoted at §6.4.2, and every past decision on one scale against the policy line.
Precedents, with how each loan has doneThree past memos on the same question — what the bank decided, the reviewer's words, a quarter-by-quarter performance strip — and the test worked on the deal.
The exception paragraphA cited exception paragraph for the memo, six citations, editable before it goes in.
The rule and the practiceThe §4.3.4 synergy cap set large, and the 12 closest acquisition loans plotted by leverage with no synergies.
Where the policy is silentNo passage on earn-outs: the two memos that treated them differently, who asked, and a policy gap ready to send to the policy owner.
The full written answerShort answer, the deal worked, what it means and how the bank decided before — with each agent's step and time beside it.
Precedents on the synergy questionArdent Valve paid as agreed, Bramwell downgraded to grade 7, Tanager declined — and the leverage test worked on Hollis & Crane.
Every precedent like your dealPast memos ranked by similarity, with leverage, coverage, grade, the decision and what happened after; compare up to three.
The credit policyChapters, the section text with its rules highlighted, how often each section is asked about, what changed in v14 and the memos that apply it.
My dealLeverage worked on the deal's numbers under three synergy treatments, the funded-debt build and the reviewer's likely questions.
Policy tests and the memoSix policy tests, five passing and one exception, and the cited leverage paragraph added to section 6.2.
The training logWhat each analyst asked, how much the library answered, what went to a senior and how many memos came back.
SettingsSources searched, the answer rules, routing of unanswered questions by topic, and people.
Governance

Built for credit: cited, current, and decided by the people the policy names.

Every sentence opens at its sourceEach sentence cites a policy section, a memo page or a reviewer comment, and opens at the highlighted passage. This rule is locked by the Chief Credit Officer and changes only as a new release.
Only the current policy is cited as currentAnswers quote Credit Policy v14. Superseded versions are kept, and shown only with their version and dates.
Access follows the credit fileDeclined memos are visible to credit staff only; relationship managers see approved memos. Relationship managers' call notes are not searched.
Agents never approveAnswers name who may approve under §9.2 — a senior credit officer up to 0.50x over the leverage limit, credit committee beyond. The agents never approve an exception, assign a risk grade or speak for a reviewer.
No passage, no answerWhen nothing in the policy or the memos answers a question, no answer is written. The analyst can send it to the named senior for that topic, with everything that was searched; replies are tracked, with a reminder after two business days.
Policy gaps reach the policy ownerAfter three unanswered questions on one point, a policy gap is logged and sent to Elena Marsh, Chief Credit Officer. Every question, answer and source is kept in the training log.
Configuration

Your bank's sources, rules and routing

What the answers may draw on, the rules every answer follows, and who answers what the library cannot — all settings.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Sources searchedCredit Policy v14, 9 underwriting guides, approved and declined memos, reviewer comments, industry ratio guidesEach source on or off · indexed nightly at 02:00
Relationship managers’ call notesNot searchedOn · Off
Every sentence carries a sourceOn · lockedLocked by the Chief Credit Officer
Cite only the current policy as currentOn · lockedOlder versions shown with version and dates
Never say a deal or an exception is approvedOn · lockedAnswers name who may approve, under §9.2
Log a policy gap after 3 unanswered questions on one pointOn · sent to Elena MarshOn · Off
Leverage, acquisitions, covenants go toWalt OstranderWalt Ostrander · Renata Silva · Elena Marsh
Real estate and construction go toRenata SilvaWalt Ostrander · Renata Silva · Elena Marsh
Connections

Works from the bank's own record

Credit policythe current version and every superseded one, labelled
Underwriting guidesC&I, real estate, construction, asset-based
Credit memo archiveapproved and declined memos, with annual reviews
Reviewer commentswhat senior credit officers wrote on past memos
Industry and ratio guideslicensed guides by industry
The memo draftthe analyst's open deal and its numbers
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
14s
from a question to a cited answer
Ask a senior1–2 days
With agents14 s
target
100%
of sentences open at their source
11 of 11 sentences
on every answer
typical
2–4hours
of manual work per credit memo today
TodayWith agents

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample credit data · “target” = the design goal, measured in the live solution · “estimated” = our estimate · “typical” = published figures (MIT Sloan, Itaú credit memo case — 2–4 hours of manual work per memo). Background: Datos Insights and Bank Director on hiring credit analysts and the end of formal credit training; OCC Comptroller's Handbook on policy-exception reports. People, companies and deals named on this page are fictional — characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What credit teams ask us.

What is Credit Policy & Precedent Search?

A search solution for credit analysts that answers from the bank's own credit policy, underwriting guides, past approved and declined memos and senior reviewers' comments. Each answer gives the rule in force, how the bank has used it and how those loans performed, and the policy test worked on the analyst's own deal — with every sentence opening at its source.

How is it different from searching the credit policy PDF?

A policy search tells you what the rule says. This also shows how the bank has applied it — every past decision on the same question, which exceptions it granted, what the reviewer said and whether the loan held up — and works the test on the numbers in your memo draft.

Does it tell an analyst a deal or an exception is approved?

No. Answers name who may approve under the exception section of the policy — a senior credit officer up to 0.50x over a leverage limit, credit committee beyond. The agents never approve an exception, assign a risk grade or say a reviewer agreed to something they did not.

What happens when the policy does not answer the question?

It says there is no rule to quote, and writes no rule of its own. It shows what the memos did — for earn-outs, two memos that treated them differently — and the analyst can send the question to the named senior for that topic. After three unanswered questions on one point, a policy gap goes to the policy owner.

Can relationship managers see declined memos?

Not by default. Declined memos are visible to credit staff only, relationship managers see approved memos, and relationship managers' call notes are not searched. The precedent finder never shows a memo the user may not open.

How does it help train new credit analysts?

Every question, its answer and its sources go into a training log by analyst and topic. The head of credit analysis sees how many questions the library answered, what went to a senior, which topics each analyst asks about most and how many memos reviewers sent back.

Do people stay in control?

Yes. The analyst writes and signs the memo; agents draft cited paragraphs the analyst can edit before they go in. Exceptions are approved by whoever the policy names, and routing, sources and answer rules are settings — with the citation rule locked by the Chief Credit Officer.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your credit policy, underwriting guides and a sample of past memos and reviewer comments — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will show it to you on your own policy first.

See it on
your credit policy.

We’ll run Credit Policy & Precedent Search on your own policy and a sample of your past memos.