WorkflowClinical Development

Clinical Trial Lay Summaries

Clinical trial lay summaries in plain words, every sentence checked against the study report

Every trial’s lay summary drafted within days, each fact checked against the report.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo32sentencesin the VLT-302 summary, each with its reading grade; 29 carry a fact checked against the study report, and 3 are flagged for the writer
demo14 → 7gradefor the NXL-125 relapse sentence once the writer accepts the plain rewrite
target2.4daysfrom the study report to a checked first draft
target9 of 9summaries posted before their EU deadline in six months
In short

What is Clinical Trial Lay Summaries?

A summary of a trial’s results written for the public and the people who took part. Under the EU Clinical Trials Regulation (Art. 37 and Annex V) every trial run in the EU posts one in CTIS within 12 months of the end of the trial — 6 months for trials in children — covering ten required elements, in the language of each country where it ran.

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Updated

The problem

Why a lay summary takes weeks and still slips

Every trial run in the EU must post a summary of its results for the public within 12 months of the end of the trial — 6 months for trials in children — in the language of every country where it ran. Today a medical writer or an agency rewrites the clinical study report by hand into the ten Annex V sections, a statistician checks the numbers, a patient panel reads it, and translators work for weeks more.

The errors are small and they matter. A result of 64.7% rounded up to “about 7 out of 10”. “Treatment-emergent adverse events” left in a summary for participants. “Worked very well and is a safe treatment” in the comments section. A hazard ratio with its confidence interval that is correct and that no reader can use. A readability score alone does not catch what people misunderstand, and a number that drifts in the Polish version is hard to see at all.

typical≈ 20hoursof writer time to draft one plain language summary
typical2–4weeksfor an agency draft, before translations start
typical116 of 234trialsof the first Phase 2–4 trials due to report results in CTIS did so on time
Where a summary’s working days goestimated
By hand26 days
With the solution8 days
  • Pulling the facts from the CSR synopsis and results tables3 → 0.5 d
  • Drafting the ten Annex V sections in plain words4 → 0.5 d
  • Checking every number against the study report2 → 0.5 d
  • Readability, jargon and promotional-wording review2 → 0.5 d
  • Translations and checking their numbers10 → 3 d
  • Patient read-through, medical and legal sign-off5 → 3 d

Estimated split for one lay summary of a Phase 3 trial, by hand and with the solution.

How it works

How a summary moves

Six specialist agents read, draft, grade, fact-check and translate every sentence; the writer decides each flag and reviewers sign.

What comes in
Study report inEvery trial end · synopsis, results tables, plain-word glossary
Agents at work
Study report readerfacts with page and table
Then
Annex V drafter10 required sections
Then
Fact checker
Plain-language checkera grade for every sentence
Reader test
Then
Translatornumbers read back
A person decides
Writer and reviewersdecide each flag, sign to post
What comes out
Summary in every language
Fact-check record
Posted before the deadline
One case, step by step

One day, seven summaries, every flag decided

October 7. Lena Ortiz, a medical writer in trial transparency, has seven lay summaries on her desk. The nearest is VLT-302 — Veltrimab in plaque psoriasis, Phase 3, 642 adults — due in CTIS on January 14, 2027. Here is her day, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 01Morning

    The study report, the plain English and two translations, side by side

    Lena Ortiz · Medical writer

    VLT-302 opens one row per sentence: the study-report passage, the lay English with its reading grade and fact tick, then the German and Polish drafts. The ribbon reads 28 of 29 facts match the report, reading grade 8.9 against a target of 8, 5 of 8 reader-test questions answered, and 32 German and 32 Polish sentences read back. Three sentences are left to decide, 99 days before the deadline.

    “This summary is about a study called VLT-302.” — Grade 5 · matches Title page · German and Polish read back · 302.

  2. 02To decide · 3

    Three flags, each with its source and a proposed fix

    Fact checker and Plain-language checker

    The side-effects sentence still says “treatment-emergent adverse events”: the checker proposes “at least one medical problem”, adds that not all of them were caused by the study medicine, and shows grade 11 dropping to 7. Below it, “about 7 out of 10 people” had almost clear skin differs from Table 11.4, which gives 277 of 428 — 64.7%. The third flag is the comments section: “Veltrimab worked very well and is a safe treatment for psoriasis.”

    The fact checker cannot change text — it proposes a fix for Lena to accept, edit or dismiss.

  3. 03Leaflet view

    The summary as a participant will read it

    Lena Ortiz · Medical writer

    The leaflet shows the ten required sections as questions, each sentence numbered to its citation, with “Thank you to everyone who took part in this study” at the top. The checklist on the left marks adverse reactions, overall results and comments on the outcome as flagged. The Facts panel shows the selected sentence beside the study-report passage — Table 12.2, page 63: any TEAE 249 (58.2%) on Veltrimab, 110 (51.4%) on placebo.

  4. 04Understanding

    Eight questions, answered from the summary alone

    Reader test

    Readability scores miss what people misunderstand, so the reader test answers eight key questions using only the summary, then compares its answers with the study report. VLT-302 scores 5 of 8. From the draft, a reader takes away “about 7 out of 10” for the main result, cannot explain “treatment-emergent adverse events”, and concludes that one study shows the medicine is safe for everyone — because the summary says “a safe treatment”.

    The reader test never sees the study report while it answers.

  5. 05NXL-125

    Correct, cited — and grade 14

    Plain-language checker

    In NXL-125, Talmirex in adults whose depression has eased, one sentence is flagged: “The risk of relapse was reduced with Talmirex versus placebo during the randomized withdrawal phase (hazard ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.92).” It matches Table 11.3 and reads at grade 14. The same table gives the counts — relapse in 47 of 246 people on Talmirex (19.1%) and 71 of 244 on placebo (29.1%) — so the checker proposes: “About one in three fewer people on Talmirex had their depression come back.”

    “A hazard ratio and a confidence interval mean little to most readers. Say what happened to people.”

  6. 06Accept

    Grade 14 drops to 7, and both translations re-run

    Lena Ortiz · Medical writer

    Lena accepts. The sentence now reads at grade 7 with its tick — “19.1 vs 29.1 out of 100 — 34% fewer · Table 11.3” — and is marked accepted by Lena. The German and Polish rows re-translate and read back with the same meaning. The ribbon now reads 24 of 24 facts matching, reading grade 7.9 (from 9.2) and 8 of 8 reader-test questions answered (from 7), and the button changes from “1 to decide before signing” to “Approve and sign”.

  7. 07Signed

    She signs as author, with the meaning of her signature

    Lena Ortiz · Medical writer

    The signing window repeats what she is signing: 24 of 24 statements match the study report, reading grade 7.9, reader test 8 of 8. The meaning is “I am the author and confirm every fact matches the final study report”, signed with her password. Next, Priya Raman’s patient panel reads it, then Dr. Maya Chen and Dana Okafor sign, and translations into the 7 other languages start from this signed English.

    Posting is blocked while any fact is unchecked or any flag is open.

  8. 08Translation

    Every language back-checked before he approves it

    Sam Patel · Translation coordinator

    CRV-210, Corventa in atrial fibrillation, is in translation with 44 days to go. Against the signed English master, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Dutch are back-checked, Czech and Hungarian are being translated, and Polish waits on a question for Sam: “injection site reaction” has no locked Polish term yet. He can lock one from the glossary, then approve the translations.

  9. 09A new study report

    From a final CSR to a checked draft, in view

    The agents

    The NXL-118 study report, Talmirex in major depression, arrived on October 6 with a March 30, 2027 deadline. One click on “Draft with agents” runs it: the study report reader reads the synopsis and 14 results tables into 56 facts with page and table, the Annex V drafter writes 10 of 10 sections as reader questions, the fact checker matches 21 statements with every number matching, the plain-language checker scores grade 7.8 with 1 wording flag, and the reader test answers 7 of 8. Then it waits for the writer.

    “Writer decides · Waiting for Lena Ortiz”

  10. 10Posting runway

    Every summary at its CTIS deadline

    Omar Haddad · Disclosure lead

    The runway places each summary at its EU posting deadline — 12 months for adults, 6 for children, 30 for an early study. Eleven are open, three are due within 60 days and none is late this year. NXL-205 is ready to post, 21 days before its deadline, with its package approved by Omar Haddad. VLT-305, a trial in children, is with Priya Raman’s patient panel, 56 days out.

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who signs a lay summary.

The same summary, seen by the five people who carry it from study report to CTIS — what their weeks looked like, and what they look like now.

LO
Lena OrtizMedical writer, trial transparency · signs as author
Medical writer
Before
Rewrites each clinical study report into plain words by hand, then checks every number against the tables again before anyone else reads it.
Now
Opens a draft already graded and fact-checked sentence by sentence, with the table it came from and the German beside it, and decides only the flags.
OH
Omar HaddadDisclosure lead · approves the posting package
Disclosure lead
Before
Watches the CTIS clock across every study in a spreadsheet and chases who has which summary.
Now
Sees every summary at its deadline, who has it and what stage it is in, and approves a package only once it is checked, translated and signed.
MC
Dr. Maya ChenClinical lead · signs medical accuracy
Clinical lead
Before
Reads every draft line by line against the study report before she will sign that the numbers are right.
Now
Reads the summary as a participant will, with every sentence cited to its page or table and every rounding over two points already flagged.
PR
Priya RamanPatient engagement lead · runs the patient panel
Patient engagement lead
Before
Finds out at the panel read-through which sentences people misread, late in the window.
Now
Gets a summary that has already answered the eight key questions from the summary alone, with each wrong answer tied to an open flag.
SP
Sam PatelTranslation coordinator · approves every language
Translation coordinator
Before
Sends the English out to translators and has no quick way to see whether every number survived in nine languages.
Now
Approves a language once it has been read back into English and every number compared, and answers translator questions from one locked glossary.
Built on the engine

6 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Six specialist agents read, draft, grade, fact-check and translate every sentence; the writer decides each flag and reviewers sign.

Study report reader

Reads the study report synopsis and results tables — disposition, demographics, endpoints, adverse events — and pulls out every fact a lay summary needs under Annex V, each with its page or table.

  • Every fact carries a page or table reference
  • Numbers copied exactly — no rounding or rewording at this step
Annex V drafter

Writes the ten required sections as questions a reader would ask, from the extracted facts and the plain-word glossary only, with short sentences and numbers as “about 65 out of 100 people”.

  • Facts only from the study report
  • No promotional language; a neutral, balanced comments section
Fact checker

Matches every factual sentence back to its passage in the study report and compares every number, unit, group and time point; flags any mismatch, any rounding that moves a number by more than 2 points, and any fact without a source.

  • Cannot change text — proposes fixes for a person to accept
Plain-language checker

Scores the reading grade of every sentence and section, finds study-report terms that have a glossary entry, and flags promotional or overreaching wording with a neutral alternative.

  • The target grade comes from Settings
  • Explains every flag in one sentence
Reader test

Answers the eight key questions a participant would ask using only the summary, then marks an answer wrong if it differs from the study report or if the summary does not let a reader answer it.

  • No access to the study report while answering
Translator

Translates the English into each country’s language with the glossary terms locked for that language, then reads it back into English and compares every number, group and time point; raises a query for any term without a locked translation.

  • Starts only from the approved English
  • Numbers must match after the read-back; a language is approved by a person
Writer and reviewers

Decide each flag, sign to post. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any summary, deadline or check

Ask about a flag, a deadline or a reading level — or say what to change. Answers point to the study report.

Why is the relapse sentence in NXL-125 flagged?

The draft says “hazard ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.92” — correct, and it matches the study report, but it reads at grade 14 and most readers cannot use it. The report also gives the counts: 47 of 246 people on Talmirex and 71 of 244 on placebo had their depression come back — 19.1 and 29.1 out of 100. That is about one in three fewer. The proposed sentence reads at grade 7, and German and Polish re-translate when you accept.

Why was the results sentence in VLT-302 flagged?

The draft said “about 7 out of 10” people on Veltrimab had almost clear skin. The study report says 277 of 428 — 64.7%. Rounding to 7 out of 10 overstates the result by 5 points, so the fact checker proposes “about 65 out of 100”. The reader test also got this question wrong from the draft.

Which summaries are closest to their deadline?

NXL-205 is ready to post — Omar Haddad approved the package — with 21 days left. CRV-210 is in translation with 44 days, VLT-305 is with the patient panel with 56, and VLT-310 is in medical and legal review with 63. VLT-305 is a trial in children, so its deadline is 6 months after the end of the trial, not 12.

Require a patient read-through for every summary of a trial in children

Done. New rule: summaries of trials in children always go to Priya Raman’s panel, with the young readers version for ages 8–12, before medical sign-off. Two open summaries match today — VLT-305 and NXL-310. The rule is in Settings and recorded in the audit trail.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

Side by sideThe study report, the lay English, German and Polish, one row per sentence — each with its reading grade, fact tick and number read-back.
Sentences to decideEach flag beside its study-report passage, with the proposed fix, the reason and the grade it would bring the sentence to.
Leaflet viewThe summary as a participant reads it, the ten required sections checked off, and every cited sentence beside its source.
Reader testEight key questions answered from the summary alone, each compared with the study report.
Statistics in plain wordsA hazard ratio at grade 14, the counts from the same table, and a plain rewrite at grade 7.
Accepted and re-translatedThe rewrite accepted by the writer, its fact tick, and German and Polish read back with the same meaning.
Approve and signThe checks behind the signature, its meaning, the signer, and who signs next.
Posting runwayEvery summary at its EU posting deadline, with its stage, reading grade, languages and who has it.
Agents draftingA new study report read, drafted, fact-checked, graded and reader-tested, step by step, until the writer decides.
LanguagesEach country’s language against the signed English master, its back-check status and the translator’s open question.
Plain wordsThe shared glossary of study-report terms and the words people use, locked per language, with a live “make it plain” tryout.
DashboardPosted on time, end of trial to posting, study report to first draft, reading grades and what the fact check caught.
Your rulesApprovers for each step, the highest reading grade, how numbers are written, and the rules every summary follows.
Governance

Built for disclosure: cited, plain, signed.

Facts only from the final study reportA summary may use only facts from the final clinical study report, and every factual sentence cites its page or table — the writer opens the passage from the sentence.
Agents propose, people decideEvery flag is accepted, edited or dismissed with a reason by the writer. The fact checker and the plain-language checker cannot change a sentence themselves.
A named signature at every stepThe author, the patient read-through, medical accuracy, the non-promotional check, the translations and the posting package are each signed by a named person, with the meaning of the signature.
Nothing posts with a fact uncheckedPosting is blocked while any fact is unchecked or any flag is open, and the reader test must answer at least 7 of 8 key questions before the patient read-through.
Translations from the signed EnglishTranslations start only from the signed English, with glossary terms locked per language; early drafts for Phase 3 trials are re-run on the signed version, and every number is read back.
Every action on the audit trailEach agent step, accepted fix, dismissed flag and signature is recorded with who, what and when, for every summary from the day its study report arrives.
Configuration

Your lay summary standard, written down once

How plain is plain enough, how numbers are written and who signs what are settings, with an e-signature on every step.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Highest reading gradeGrade 8Grade 6 to grade 10, one step at a time; summaries above it are flagged before review
How numbers are writtenAbout 65 out of 100 peopleAbout 65 out of 100 people · 65% of people · Both — 65 out of 100 (65%)
Statistics in plain wordsOnHazard ratios, odds ratios and confidence intervals become “x out of 100” and “about one in three fewer”
Flag promotional wordsOn“safe”, “effective”, “breakthrough”, “worked very well” and 40 more
Reader test before patient read-throughOnAt least 7 of 8 key questions answered from the summary alone
Version for young readersOnTrials in children get a second version written for ages 8–12
Early draft translations for Phase 3 trialsOnGerman and Polish drafted beside the English; re-run on the signed version
ApproversPriya Raman · Dr. Maya Chen · Dana Okafor · Sam Patel · Omar HaddadPatient read-through · medical accuracy · non-promotional check · translations · posting package — each chosen from the named team
Connections

Works with the documents a lay summary already comes from

Clinical study reportthe final CSR synopsis, with its version
Results tablesdisposition, demographics, endpoints and adverse events, by page and table
Annex V template and house stylethe ten required sections and Good Lay Summary Practice
Plain-word glossary412 terms locked in 18 languages; new terms go to the patient panel
Translation memoryeach country’s language, with every number read back
CTIS posting packagea PDF per language and the approval record
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
2.4days
from the study report to a checked first draft
Agency draft2–4 weeks
With agents2.4 days
target
Every
sentence with its reading grade and a tick that its fact matches the report
sentences checked
VLT-302, side by side
target
9 of 9
summaries posted before their EU deadline in six months
posted on time, none late

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample studies · “target” = the design goal, measured in the live solution · “estimated” = our estimate · “typical” = published figures (TranspariMED — about 20 hours of writer time per plain language summary, agency drafts typically 2–4 weeks; Clinical Leader and Citeline — 116 of the first 234 trials required to report results in CTIS did so on time). Context: EU Clinical Trials Regulation 536/2014, Art. 37 and Annex V; European Commission, Good Lay Summary Practice (2021). People, companies, medicines and studies named on this page are fictional — characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What transparency teams ask us.

What is a clinical trial lay summary?

A summary of a trial’s results written for the public and the people who took part. Under the EU Clinical Trials Regulation (Art. 37 and Annex V) every trial run in the EU posts one in CTIS within 12 months of the end of the trial — 6 months for trials in children — covering ten required elements, in the language of each country where it ran.

How does it write a lay summary from the clinical study report?

The study report reader extracts every fact the ten Annex V sections need, each with its page or table. The Annex V drafter writes each section as a question a reader would ask, using only those facts and the plain-word glossary. The fact checker, the plain-language checker and the reader test then check every sentence before the writer sees it.

How does it check that the numbers match the study report?

The fact checker matches each factual sentence to its source passage and compares every number, unit, group and time point. It flags any mismatch, any rounding that moves a number by more than 2 points — such as 64.7% written as “about 7 out of 10” — and any fact without a source. Posting is blocked while any fact is unchecked.

How does it keep summaries at a 6th–8th grade reading level?

Every sentence carries its reading grade, recomputed as the writer edits, against the highest grade set in Settings — grade 8 by default. Study-report jargon, statistics such as hazard ratios and confidence intervals, and promotional words are flagged with a plain alternative. A reader test then answers eight key questions from the summary alone, because a readability score alone misses what people misunderstand.

How are translations checked?

The translator works from the signed English with glossary terms locked for each language, then reads its translation back into English and compares every number. Terms without a locked translation become a query for the translation coordinator, who approves each language.

Do people stay in control of what is posted?

Yes. The agents propose and cannot change a sentence themselves. The medical writer accepts, edits or dismisses every flag and signs as author; the patient read-through, medical accuracy, the non-promotional check, the translations and the posting package are each signed by a named person, and every action is on the audit trail.

Can we set our own reading grade, number style and approvers?

Yes. The highest reading grade, how numbers are written, the approver for each step, the languages per country and rules such as statistics in plain words, the young readers version for trials in children and early draft translations for Phase 3 trials are all settings.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your house style, plain-word glossary and a sample of past study reports and approved summaries — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on one of your own study reports first.

See it on
your study reports.

We’ll run Clinical Trial Lay Summaries on one of your own final study reports.