WorkflowNetwork Planning & Revenue Management

Airline Schedule Planning

Airline schedule planning that fixes every break before the schedule reaches sale

Every break fixed before the schedule reaches sale, with the smallest shift and why.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo63breaksfound overnight in the 9,418 records of one weekly version, each placed on its hub bank
demo212connections a weekback on sale from one 10-minute shift to the ORD–Tokyo departure
demo38shiftsof 5 minutes or less, each cross-checked by three agents, accepted in one signed decision
estimated$4.2Ma seasonof connecting revenue kept on sale by that one bank fix
In short

What is Airline Schedule Planning?

Airline schedule planning is building the seasonal flight schedule, checking it and publishing it as an SSIM file, then republishing changes every week while the season is on sale. Airline Schedule Planning is schedule planning software with seven agents that build each weekly version from the network plan, check every record against minimum connect times, gates, slots, curfews, crew pairings and maintenance lines, propose the smallest shift for each break and find the customers it changes. The scheduler decides every shift and the Director of Scheduling signs every publication.

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Updated

The problem

Why airline schedule planning finds its breaks after the schedule is on sale

In airline schedule planning, every airline rebuilds its schedule for each IATA season and republishes it every week while the season is already on sale. A network carrier's season holds about ten thousand flight records, and one weekly version changes hundreds of them: new routes, retimes, equipment changes, a bank moved five minutes, an acquired airline's flights renumbered into your own.

Each change can break something the airline scheduling software does not show. A connection under the minimum connect time that reservations will never sell. Two widebodies on one heavy gate. A flight outside its Level 3 slot or inside a Sunday curfew. A crew pairing that no longer fits its duty limits, or a tail that no longer overnights where its check is done. The breaks are found late, by other teams, after the version is published, and the reason for each time change is lost by the next version.

demo1,006connections a weeknot sold in the sample version while they sit under their connect time
demo412changed recordsin one weekly version against last week's, any of which can break a connection, gate, slot, crew pairing or maintenance line
typical3 h / 6 hdomestic / international change that is significant under 14 CFR Part 260, with a refund right if declined
Where a weekly version's working hours goestimated
By hand24 days
With the solution6.5 days
  • Building the version from the network plan release4 → 1 d
  • Checking connections against minimum connect times4 → 0.5 d
  • Gates, slots and curfews by day of week4 → 1 d
  • Crew pairings and maintenance lines4 → 1 d
  • SSIM file build, validation and comparison with last week4 → 1 d
  • Customer impact, signature and publication4 → 2 d

Estimated split for one weekly version at a network carrier, by hand and with the solution.

How it works

How a weekly version moves

Seven agents build, check and fix every version, each shift cross-checked by three; the scheduler decides and the Director signs.

What comes in
Plans and rules in8 sources · network plan, connect times, gates, slots, crews, bookings
Agents at work
Season builder412 changes
Then
Connections agentconnect times
Airport constraints agentgates, slots, curfews
Crew and maintenance agentpairings, lines
Then
Shift agentsmallest shift, cross-checked
Then
SSIM agentfile, after signature
Customer impact agentPart 260 notices
A person decides
Schedule Planneraccepts, edits or rejects with a reason; the Director signs
What comes out
Validated SSIM file
Reservations, distributors, partners told
Customers notified
One case, step by step

Airline schedule planning, one weekly version from draft to published

Corvane Airways is building its summer 2027 IATA season schedule. Network plan release NP-27.3 has turned into version 15: 9,418 flight-leg records, 412 of them changed against last week's v14, due for publication on Thursday, October 22. Here is the week, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 01Morning

    The agents worked overnight; she starts with what needs her

    Maya Lindgren · Senior Schedule Planner

    Maya's Today screen shows 63 breaks found in version 15, 0 of 63 decided, 1,006 connections a week at risk and Thursday's publication that Owen Castellanos signs. The shift agent leads: 24 connections, 11 gates, 9 slots, 4 curfews, 8 crew and 7 maintenance breaks. Below it, what needs her: B-04 at ORD bank 4, 38 low-risk shifts ready to accept together, 18 to review one by one and 7 breaks with no clean shift.

    Shift agent: “Version 15 has 63 breaks. I have a shift for 56 of them.”

  2. 02Hub banks

    O'Hare drawn as its banks, each break on its crest

    Maya Lindgren · Senior Schedule Planner

    The hub view draws ORD's typical Wednesday as waves of arrivals and departures, 412 departures in 8 banks, with a marker on each bank holding its open breaks. Bank 4 has five. The biggest: CV 1220 from Denver lands at 14:05 and CV 88 to Tokyo Narita leaves at 14:40, 35 minutes against the filed 45-minute domestic-to-international connect. The shift agent proposes CV 88 ten minutes later, 14:50, arriving NRT 18:35: 212 connections a week back on sale, 6,572 over the 31-week season.

    “Move CV 88 ten minutes later. 212 connections a week come back.”

  3. 03Before she decides

    The other agents re-check the shift, and she asks why

    The checking agents

    The connections agent confirms no new break. The airport constraints agent finds ORD gate C18 free until 15:35, 18:35 on the Narita coordinator's available list with a change request drafted, and Narita's midnight close 5 h 25 min away. The crew and maintenance agent puts pairing P-7741 at 14 h 15 of duty against a 17-hour limit with four pilots. The customer impact agent finds 9,842 passengers booked on CV 88 over the season, for whom a 10-minute change is not significant. Maya asks why not move the Denver flight instead.

    Shift agent: “Because Denver pays for it. CV 1220 leaving DEN at 10:10 instead of 10:20 departs before four bank 2 arrivals connect: 61 connections a week lost.”

  4. 04One decision

    She accepts with a reason code and her e-signature

    Maya Lindgren · Senior Schedule Planner

    Accept opens the decision: the break, the shift and three reason codes — S1 smallest shift, all checks passed; S2 edited shift; S3 accept with a known exception, which the Director co-signs. Maya picks S1, adds a note if she wants one, and signs as herself. The season builder applies the shift to version 15 and marks the SSIM file for re-validation.

  5. 05Then the easy ones

    38 low-risk shifts in one signed decision

    Maya Lindgren · Senior Schedule Planner

    Low-risk means 5 minutes or less with no slot, gate or customer effect, and every one already passed the connections, airport and crew and maintenance agents. The decision lists them — CV 1745 three minutes later at ORD bank 1, CV 920 to gate C19 with no time change, a tail swap at bank 3 — and Maya accepts all 38 with one reason code and one signature. Her time goes to the 18 that need a look and the 7 that need a person.

    Only low-risk shifts can be accepted together; the others are opened one by one.

  6. 06No clean shift

    B-22 goes to the Director, with every option it tried

    Shift agent

    CV 97 from London Heathrow lands at 08:15 and CV 1408 to Washington National leaves at 09:30, 75 minutes against the 90-minute international-to-domestic connect. Moving CV 1408 needs a DCA slot that is not free; moving CV 97 earlier needs an LHR slot that is not free. The agent shows the options — protect the 96 a week on CV 1420, or keep the break — and hands the decision to Owen Castellanos.

    Shift agent: “I found no shift that passes every check, so this one is yours.”

  7. 07Gates

    Heavy gates at the bank that moved

    Airport constraints agent

    Network plan NP-27.3 moved ORD bank 6 five minutes later for the Frankfurt and London departures. The airport constraints agent draws concourse C's heavy gates for that bank: four widebodies need them between 17:55 and 18:25 and only three are free. The proposal moves CV 924 to gate M14 in terminal 5, five minutes later. Tasha Greene, the hub operations planner, sees every gate break with its smallest fix.

  8. 08Same morning

    The Director signs; open breaks are held back

    Owen Castellanos · Director of Scheduling

    The SSIM agent re-validated the file with 39 decisions applied: 0 errors, 2 warnings, both explained — one a renumbered segment missing its traffic restriction, one a new ORD–Athens record whose planned first flight, Thursday, June 3, is not a day of operation, so it was written from Friday, June 4. Owen signs with reason P1, weekly publication. 388 changed records go out; the 24 breaks still open stay at their v14 values until decided.

    Only the Director of Scheduling signs a publication.

  9. 09Published

    Every recipient's acknowledgment tracked

    SSIM agent

    The SSIM Chapter 7 file goes to reservations, two schedule distributors and the FAA's Level 2 schedule review; change messages go to six codeshare partners; slot change requests go to the NRT, FRA and LHR coordinators. Five of six recipients acknowledge. Schedule distributor 2 is still waiting, and the agent escalates any recipient that has not acknowledged within 4 hours.

  10. 10Before, not after

    175 significant changes, each with the refund choice

    Nora Ellis · Customer Schedule Change Manager

    The customer impact agent matched 14,286 booked passengers on 2,118 flight-dates to the version's changes: 12,904 move less than an hour, 1,207 between an hour and three, and 175 are significant under Part 260. A nonstop to Rome replaced by a connection through Frankfurt counts whatever the time. Notices were drafted in plain words, held until the Director signed and sent with the publication, so schedule change management starts before the first complaint, not after it.

    “A significant change — 3 hours domestic, 6 hours international, a different airport, an added connection, a downgrade — gives the passenger a refund if they don't accept it.”

Who it’s for

Built for everyone a schedule change touches.

The same weekly version, seen by five of the people who carry it: what Thursday looked like, and what it looks like now.

ML
Maya LindgrenSenior Schedule Planner · owns the summer 2027 build
Senior Schedule Planner
Before
Turns each network plan release into a weekly version, then learns from crew, maintenance and the hub what it broke.
Now
Starts on the hub's banks with every break placed, the smallest shift, the checks and the options that failed, and decides.
OC
Owen CastellanosDirector of Scheduling · signs every publication
Director of Scheduling
Before
“Nothing goes to reservations that I can't explain line by line” — with the reasons scattered across email.
Now
Signs a re-validated file with every decision and reason on record, and decides the breaks no shift can fix.
TG
Tasha GreeneHub Operations Planner · O'Hare banks, gates and turns
Hub Operations Planner, ORD
Before
“A ten-minute shift is fine — if it doesn't park two 787s on one gate.” She finds out when the gate plan fails.
Now
Sees each bank's heavy-gate chart for the version, with the overlap and the proposed gate move before anyone accepts it.
RO
Rafael OrtizCrew Planning Manager · pairings and manpower
Crew Planning Manager
Before
“Retime it after I've built pairings and I need to know the same day.”
Now
Sees the version's effect on draft pairings by base and fleet, and every layover or duty break with its smallest fix.
NE
Nora EllisCustomer Schedule Change Manager · notices and refunds
Customer Schedule Change Manager
Before
“Tell me who is significantly changed before it publishes, not after the complaints.”
Now
Has the significantly changed passengers by flight and reason, with notices drafted and held until the Director signs.
Built on the engine

7 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Seven agents build, check and fix every version, each shift cross-checked by three; the scheduler decides and the Director signs.

Season builder

Turns a network plan release into a draft version of the season — flight legs, times, days of operation, periods and aircraft types — and applies each shift a person accepts.

  • Never changes the network plan
  • Never publishes
Connections agent

Builds every connection at each hub against the filed minimum connect times — 34,800 a day at ORD and DEN in the sample — and counts the booked and forecast connecting passengers on each.

  • Never lowers a connect time
  • Never files a connect-time exception
Airport constraints agent

Checks heavy gates at the hubs, Level 3 slots and coordinator capacity, and curfews and night restrictions by day of week, and drafts the slot change request a shift needs.

  • Drafts slot change requests, never sends one before approval
Crew and maintenance agent

Re-runs draft crew pairings against flight and duty limits and maintenance lines for every tail, so a retime that breaks a layover or a check overnight is found the same night.

  • Reads pairings and lines; never builds final pairings
  • Never moves a maintenance check
Shift agent

Searches for the smallest shift — fewest minutes on the fewest flights — that fixes each break, sends each option to the three checking agents and explains the trade-off, including the options that failed and why.

  • Shows a shift only when all three checking agents pass it
  • A person decides every shift
SSIM agent

Builds the IATA SSIM Chapter 7 file, validates every record, compares it with last week's version, drafts change messages, and after signature publishes and tracks every acknowledgment.

  • Never publishes without the Director's signature
  • Open breaks are held back at the last published version
Customer impact agent

Matches booked passengers to every changed record, applies the significant-change test of 14 CFR Part 260 and drafts the notices in plain words.

  • Never sends a notice before publication
  • Never decides a refund
Schedule Planner

Decides every shift; the Director of Scheduling signs each publication; the SVP co-signs plan changes. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any bank, break or flight, in plain words

Ask why a shift was chosen, or tell the agents what to try instead. Every answer cites the record, the connect-time standard, the slot list, the pairing or the rule it came from.

Which break costs the most connections?

B-04 at ORD bank 4: CV 1220 → CV 88 is 35 minutes against 45, and 212 connections a week depend on it. Next is B-11 (118 a week) and B-22 (96 a week, no clean shift).

Why not move CV 1220 earlier?

Because Denver pays for it. CV 1220 leaving DEN at 10:10 instead of 10:20 departs before four bank 2 arrivals connect: 61 connections a week lost, and gate B32 is still occupied until 10:15. Moving CV 88 costs nothing at ORD: gate C18 is free until 15:35.

What does the NRT slot change need?

A change request to the coordinator: CV 88's arrival moves from 18:25 to 18:35, which is on the available list. It is drafted and goes only when Henrik Aalto, the slot and airport affairs manager, approves it. The return CV 87 keeps its 20:10 departure, a 95-minute turn against 80.

Why is the FCO change significant if the time is close?

Because it adds a connection: a nonstop becomes a connection through Frankfurt, which the rule counts as significant whatever the time. 46 passengers get the refund choice.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

TodayThe scheduler's morning: breaks found in the weekly version, decisions made, connections a week at risk, the publication date and what needs her.
Hub banksThe hub bank structure as waves of arrivals and departures, each break on its bank, with the smallest shift for a minimum connect time break.
Checked, then asked whyCrew, aircraft and customer checks on the proposed shift, after the gate, slot and curfew checks, and the agent's cited answer to why not move the other flight.
Accept the shiftA schedule change decision with its reason code, an optional note and the scheduler's e-signature.
Low-risk shifts together38 cross-checked shifts of 5 minutes or less accepted in one signed decision, each listed in the record.
A break with no clean shiftA connection under its connect time with no slot to fix it: the options tried, the checks and the Director who decides.
Gates, slots and curfewsThe hub's heavy-gate chart for a retimed bank, the overlap and the proposed gate move, with every gate break.
Crew pairings and maintenance linesThe version's effect on draft crew pairings by base and fleet, and each layover or duty break with its smallest shift.
Sign and publishThe Director of Scheduling signs the schedule publication with a reason code; open breaks are held back at the last published version.
SSIM file publishedThe SSIM Chapter 7 file, ASM / SSM change messages and slot change requests sent, with every recipient's acknowledgment tracked.
Significant changesBooked passengers with a significant schedule change under 14 CFR Part 260, by flight and reason, found before publication.
Audit trailEvery agent step and every person's question, decision and signature, with reason codes, chained entry to entry.
Your rulesMaximum shift, low-risk threshold, connect-time and curfew buffers, minimum turns, approvers, co-sign and separation of duties.
Governance

Airline schedule planning that is cited, signed and on the record.

Every value cites its sourceEach number the agents state links to where it came from: the SSIM record, the filed connect-time standard, the gate plan, the coordinator's slot list, the pairing, the maintenance line or the booking count.
Only cross-checked shifts are shownThe shift agent sends every option to the connections, airport constraints and crew and maintenance agents. A shift reaches the scheduler only when all three pass it; the options that failed are shown with the reason.
A person decides every shiftThe scheduler accepts, edits or rejects each shift with a reason code and an e-signature. Bulk acceptance is one signed decision over a listed set of low-risk shifts, and breaks with no clean shift go to the Director.
The Director signs every publicationOnly the Director of Scheduling signs, and only a re-validated file. Open breaks are held back at their last published values, the SVP Network Planning co-signs any change to a market, frequency or gauge, and whoever accepted a shift cannot sign the publication alone.
Nothing leaves before approvalSlot change requests wait for the slot and airport affairs manager, customer notices are held until publication, and the agents never lower a connect time, move a maintenance check or decide a refund.
A chained audit trail and an evidence packEvery agent step and every person's question, decision and signature is on the audit trail with its reason code, each entry chained to the one before it. The evidence pack for a version exports from the audit trail.
Configuration

Your scheduling rules, not ours

The thresholds the agents work to and who approves what are settings. A change is proposed, takes effect when the Director approves it, and is on the audit trail.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Maximum shift the agent may propose20 minutesSet in minutes; approved by the Director
Low-risk shift (can be accepted together)5 minutes or less, no slot, gate or customer effectMinutes and effects; approved by the Director
Company connect-time buffer0 minutes over the filed standardMinutes added to the filed minimum connect times
Curfew buffer15 minutes (NRT 30)Minutes, with airport-specific values
Minimum turn · 787-9 international80 minutesMinutes by fleet (737-8: 40 minutes)
Who accepts shiftsSchedule Planner or Hub Operations PlannerAny role in Roles and permissions
Co-signSVP Network Planning when a market, frequency or gauge changesRole and the changes that need it
Separation of dutiesWhoever accepts a shift cannot sign the publication aloneProposed as a rule change; approved by the Director
Connections

Works with the systems flight schedule management already runs on

Network planreleases with frequencies, gauge and timings by market
Schedule and SSIMthe season version and the last published SSIM Chapter 7 file
Connect times and gatesfiled minimum connect times and the hub gate plans
Slots and curfewsslot holdings, coordinator capacity lists and night restrictions by day of week
Crew and maintenance planningdraft crew pairings and maintenance lines for every tail
Reservations and distributionbookings and forecast in; the file to reservations, schedule distributors, codeshare partners and coordinators out
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

estimated
$4.2M
connecting revenue kept on sale over a season from one bank fix
35-min connect0 sold
45-min connect212 a week
typical
3 h / 6 h
domestic / international change that counts as significant; each one flagged before publication
target
1day
to check and publish the weekly version, not three
1 of 3 days
Thursday's file on time

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample season · “estimated” = our estimate ($4.2M = 212 connections a week × 31 weeks × $640 average connecting fare, on the fictional carrier's ORD bank 4; the hours in “where a weekly version's working hours go”) · “typical” = published rules and standards (14 CFR Part 260 on significant changes and refunds, effective October 28, 2024; IATA SSIM Chapter 7 on the schedule file). People, Corvane Airways, Bellwether Air, flight numbers, tails and pairings named on this page are fictional: characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What schedule planning teams ask us about airline schedule planning.

What is Airline Schedule Planning?

Airline schedule planning is building the seasonal flight schedule, checking it and publishing it as an SSIM file, then republishing changes every week while the season is on sale. Airline Schedule Planning is schedule planning software with seven agents that build each weekly version from the network plan, check every record against minimum connect times, gates, slots, curfews, crew pairings and maintenance lines, propose the smallest shift for each break and find the customers it changes. The scheduler decides every shift and the Director of Scheduling signs every publication.

How do airlines check connections against minimum connect times?

In this solution, the connections agent builds every connection at each hub against the filed minimum connect time (MCT) for its type — at ORD in the sample, 40 minutes domestic to domestic and 45 domestic to international. A connection under its connect time is a break placed on its hub bank, with the connections a week it costs. The agent never lowers a connect time or files an exception.

What is an SSIM file and how is it validated?

An SSIM file is the schedule file in the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual's Chapter 7 format, the one airlines use to send their schedule to reservations, distributors and partners. The SSIM agent builds it from the version, validates record length and type, periods, days of operation, local times and UTC variation, aircraft types, segment data and duplicate legs, and compares it with last week's published version. It publishes only after the Director signs, sends change messages to partners and tracks every acknowledgment.

What is a significant schedule change under the DOT refund rule?

The customer impact agent matches every booking to the version's changed records and applies 14 CFR Part 260's test: 3 hours domestic, 6 hours international, a different airport, an added connection or a downgrade. Significant changes are listed before publication with notices drafted, and the notices send only with the publication. The agent never decides a refund.

How do schedule changes affect gates, airport slots, crew pairings and maintenance lines?

A retime can park two widebodies on one heavy gate, move an arrival out of its Level 3 slot or into a curfew, break a crew layover or duty limit, or take a tail away from the station where its check is done. The airport constraints agent checks heavy gates at the hubs, Level 3 slots and coordinator capacity, and curfews by day of week, and drafts slot change requests that wait for approval. The crew and maintenance agent re-runs draft pairings against duty limits and maintenance lines for every tail. Every proposed shift must pass all three checking agents before a scheduler sees it.

Do schedulers stay in control of the published schedule?

Yes. The agents propose and explain; a scheduler accepts, edits or rejects every shift with a reason code and an e-signature. The Director of Scheduling signs every publication, open breaks are held back at their last published values, and the SVP Network Planning co-signs any change to a market, frequency or gauge.

Can we set our own scheduling rules?

Yes. The maximum shift the agent may propose, what counts as low-risk, the connect-time and curfew buffers, minimum turns by fleet, who accepts shifts, who signs and co-signs, and separation of duties are all settings. A change takes effect when the Director approves it and is on the audit trail.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your hub and bank structure, connect-time standards, scheduling rules and a recent SSIM file — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on one of your own weekly versions first.

See it on
your next season.

We'll run Airline Schedule Planning on one of your own weekly versions and its last published SSIM file.