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Research Integrity Screening

Research integrity screening that finds a duplicated figure before submission, explains what it can, and leaves every decision to a person

Duplicated figures fixed before submission, not retracted after publication.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo71,567comparisonspanel comparisons in one manuscript's screen: 59 panels against each other and the lab's 9 earlier papers
demo1,036flagscandidate flags explained with a cited passage this year before any author heard of them
demo80%of flagged manuscripts fixed before submission this year, 171 of 214
target3business daysfrom arrival to a private, cited, checked report for the author
In short

What is Research Integrity Screening?

Research integrity screening is a confidential check of a manuscript before it is submitted: its figure panels for duplication, rotation and splices, its p-values against their test statistics, and its references against retraction notices. Research Integrity Screening puts seven agents on that work for a university's Office of Research Integrity, and an integrity specialist decides every flag that reaches a person.

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Updated

The problem

Why research integrity screening rarely happens before submission

Research integrity screening is the confidential check a university's Office of Research Integrity offers authors before they submit: are any figure panels duplicated, rotated, spliced or reused from the lab's earlier papers, do the p-values match their test statistics, and does the manuscript cite retracted work? Today that check is a specialist eyeballing figures in an image editor, perhaps one image tool licensed for a few labs, and nothing at all for statistics or references. A blot reused and turned 180° is hard to see by eye across 41 panels and nine earlier papers, so most manuscripts are never screened.

Image tools flag similarities without explaining them, so the specialist reads every legend and method by hand to learn that a loading control was disclosed as reused, and every false flag that reaches an author costs the office trust. The findings live in e-mails and screenshots, next to anything that might one day become a matter under the revised 42 CFR Part 93, which applies to allegations received from January 1, 2026. Research Integrity Screening puts seven agents in front of the comparison work, and a person decides every flag.

typical3.8%of 20,621 biomedical papers contained a problematic duplicated figure
typical1 in 2papersin psychology using significance tests had at least one p-value inconsistent with its test statistic
typical$525,000in direct costs for one research misconduct investigation
Where one manuscript's screening hours goestimated
By hand6.5 hours
With the solution0.8 hours
  • Splitting figures into panels and finding the raw files0.5 → 0.1 h
  • Comparing every panel by eye, and against the lab's earlier papers3 → 0.1 h
  • Reading legends and methods to explain each match0.8 → 0.1 h
  • Recomputing p-values from the reported statistics0.8 → 0.1 h
  • Checking every reference against retraction notices0.5 → 0.1 h
  • Writing the report to the author and having it checked1 → 0.3 h

Estimated split of a specialist's hours on one manuscript, by hand and with the agents — our arithmetic, kept modest. By hand, most manuscripts are never screened at all.

How it works

How a pre-submission screen runs

Agents compare every panel, statistic and reference; a Second-Look agent explains what it can; a specialist decides, a second one checks.

What comes in
The manuscript and the lab's history59 panels · figures, raw files, earlier papers, notices
Agents at work
Intake agentpanels and raw files
Then
Image agent71,567 comparisons
Stats agent38 statistics recomputed
Citation agent64 references checked
Then
Second-Look agentinnocent explanations, cited
Provenance agentfinds the original
Then
Report agentprivate report, every item cited
A person decides
Integrity specialist, a second specialist, the authordecide, check, fix
What comes out
Problems fixed before submission
Private report, checked
Confidential record, both images kept
One case, step by step

One manuscript through research integrity screening, from 59 panels to resolved

Tuesday, October 20, 2026, at Halden State University's Office of Research Integrity. Dr. Lena Moravec's lab is about to submit MC-2026-0884, "DRP1 phosphorylation at Ser616 controls mitochondrial fission in migrating fibroblasts". Here is what happens to it, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 0109:12

    The manuscript arrives and is split into panels

    Intake agent

    The request comes in from the manuscript submission system: six authors, linked to award HSU-SP-2023-0417. The Intake agent splits six figures and the supplement into 59 lettered panels and matches 52 of them to raw files in the folder the lab shared. Rota AR-2 routes it to Daniel Achterberg, with the report due Thursday, October 22.

  2. 0209:15

    Every panel, statistic and reference, checked in one run

    Image, Stats and Citation agents

    Daniel starts the screen and watches the agents' plan step by step: 71,567 panel comparisons against each other and the lab's 9 earlier papers (1,184 panels), 38 statistics recomputed and 64 references checked against 58,214 retraction notices. Eight candidates come out; four are explained; four go to Daniel. On the lightbox, an amber line joins panel 3C to the lab's 2024 paper.

    0.97 · rotated 180°

  3. 03Before anyone is told

    A disclosed reuse is explained, with the legend cited

    Second-Look agent

    Panels 3F and 4D are the same blot at 0.99. The Second-Look agent finds the Figure 4 legend disclosing it and explains the match with that passage, and 2B and S3A are explained as a labeled crop at 0.88. Nobody is told about either. Daniel can still flag one anyway, with a reason, if he disagrees.

    "GAPDH loading control reproduced from Figure 3F"

  4. 0409:21

    Panel 3C beside the lab's 2024 paper, judged with his own eyes

    Daniel Achterberg · Research Integrity Specialist

    Figure 3C (p-DRP1, S616A mutant, 24 h) and Figure 5B of Moravec et al. 2024 (p-DRP1, control siRNA, 48 h) sit side by side, a 212 × 148 px region outlined on both: similarity 0.97, 180°, 31,376 px², 1,284 matched points. The Second-Look agent found no disclosure, no labeled reprint and a different stated experiment. Daniel includes it in the private report with reason code INC-01.

    This is a screening finding, not an allegation.

  5. 05One citation away

    The original blot, found in lab storage

    Provenance agent

    The Provenance agent finds 2026-03-14_DRP1-S616A_24h_blot2.tif in the lab's shared folder: acquired March 14, 2026 at 10:41, lanes labeled 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h to match panel 3C, and used in none of the lab's earlier papers. It suggests the file; the author chooses.

  6. 06Same run

    A typing error in Table 2, and two retracted references

    Stats and Citation agents

    Table 2, row 3 reports t(14) = 2.38, p = .012. From t, p is .032 two-tailed; the lab's quantification file gives t(14) = 2.88, p = .012 — a typing error, not a wrong result. The retraction check finds reference 17, retracted March 4, 2025 and cited as support, and reference 41, retracted November 16, 2023 and cited for a method. A stated Bonferroni adjustment and a stated one-tailed test are explained and never reach the author.

  7. 0709:24

    A private report drafted from Daniel's decisions, every item cited

    Report agent

    Four items — Figure 3C, Table 2 row 3, references 17 and 41 — each cited to an image region, a table cell or a notice, with a suggested fix. Daniel confirms the three items the agents proposed in one step and sends the report for a check. The Report agent never sends anything.

    Confidential · not an allegation

  8. 0810:02

    A second specialist checks before the author sees it

    Noor Haddad · Senior Research Integrity Specialist

    Noor confirms that every item cites its evidence, the wording is neutral, no other author's unpublished data is shown and the fixes are the author's choice. She checks it with reason code CHK-01 and it goes privately to Dr. Moravec. Daniel, who prepared it, could not have checked it himself.

  9. 0914:31

    The author swaps in the original in one click

    Dr. Lena Moravec · Corresponding author

    Dr. Moravec sees only her own report. She uses the original blot2.tif for 3C and the Image agent re-screens it at once: highest similarity 0.21. At 14:34 she accepts the three corrections — t(14) = 2.88, reference 17 replaced by reference 29, reference 41 cites its notice — and sends her changes back.

    This is a service to you before you submit, not an allegation.

  10. 1014:52

    Resolved before submission, both images kept

    Daniel Achterberg

    Daniel closes MC-2026-0884 as RES-01, resolved before submission. The original and the replacement 3C are both kept in the confidential screening record for 7 years. No referral was made, and nothing reached a journal.

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who touches a pre-submission screen.

The same manuscript, seen by the five people who carry it — what their day looked like, and what it looks like now.

DA
Daniel AchterbergResearch Integrity Specialist · screens 8–10 manuscripts a day
Research Integrity Specialist
Before
Eyeballs figures panel by panel in an image editor, then reads every legend and method to learn whether a match was disclosed all along.
Now
Opens a lightbox with the matches drawn and the explained ones set aside with their citations, and decides the four items that need him.
NH
Noor HaddadSenior specialist · checks every report, takes escalations
Senior Research Integrity Specialist
Before
Checks reports put together from e-mails and screenshots, and chases the source of each claim before anything reaches an author.
Now
Checks a report in which every item cites an image region, table cell or notice, and sends it privately or returns it with a reason.
CB
Dr. Celia BrandtResearch Integrity Officer · owns the misconduct process
Research Integrity Officer
Before
Finds screening notes mixed with anything that might become a misconduct matter, and has to prove who knew what.
Now
Is the only person who can open an allegation assessment, in a separate record, with names kept to those who need to know.
LM
Dr. Lena MoravecAssociate Professor of Biology · about to submit
Corresponding author
Before
Hears about a duplicated panel from a journal or a reader, after the paper is out.
Now
Sees exactly which panel, privately, and swaps in the original from her own lab storage before she submits.
MF
Dr. Marcus FeldAssociate Vice President for Research · approves settings
Associate Vice President for Research
Before
Cannot say how many problems the office fixed before they became corrections or retractions.
Now
Reads four totals and the outcomes of every flagged manuscript, with no author named, and approves each settings change as a new version.
Built on the engine

7 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Agents compare every panel, statistic and reference; a Second-Look agent explains what it can; a specialist decides, a second one checks.

Intake agent

Splits every figure into lettered panels, reads the legends, and matches each panel to its raw file in the lab's shared folder.

  • Only folders the author shares
  • Never writes to lab storage
Image agent

Compares every panel with every other panel and with the lab's earlier papers for duplication under rotation, flip, scale and crop, splices and generated textures, and outlines the shared region on both panels.

  • Scores only; never calls a match misconduct
  • Below the threshold, records but does not flag
Stats agent

Recomputes every p-value from its test statistic and degrees of freedom, checks degrees of freedom against the sample sizes, and recomputes from the lab's raw quantification file where it is shared.

  • Cites the table cell for every value
  • Never edits the manuscript
Citation agent

Checks every reference against retraction notices, expressions of concern and corrections, by DOI or by title and authors, and shows where each is cited.

  • Corrections are information only; they never reach the author as flags
Second-Look agent

Before any flag reaches a person, searches the methods, legends, supplement and raw files for an innocent explanation: a disclosed reuse, a labeled crop, a stated correction or a one-tailed test.

  • Explains a flag only with a cited passage
  • Never contacts an author
Provenance agent

Finds the original acquisition for a flagged panel in the lab's shared folder, so the author is offered a fix, not only a problem.

  • Suggests; the author chooses
Report agent

Drafts the private pre-submission report from the specialist's decisions, in neutral words, every item cited with a suggested fix.

  • Never sends
  • No allegation language
Specialist, second specialist, Research Integrity Officer

Decide, check, and only the RIO escalates. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask the agents about any panel, statistic or reference

A specialist, or an author about her own report, can ask in plain words and get an answer that cites the passage, cell or file it came from.

Why is 3C flagged but 3F is not?

Both match another panel. 3F matches 4D at 0.99, but the Figure 4 legend discloses it: "GAPDH loading control reproduced from Figure 3F". 3C matches Figure 5B of the lab's 2024 paper at 0.97 after a 180° rotation, the conditions differ, and nothing in the methods mentions reuse. So the Second-Look agent explained 3F and handed 3C to Daniel Achterberg.

Recheck the statistic in Table 2

Table 2, row 3 reports t(14) = 2.38, p = .012. From t, p is .032 two-tailed. The lab's quantification file gives t(14) = 2.88, p = .012, so the p-value is right and the t value was mistyped. Suggested correction for the author: t(14) = 2.88.

What still needs me today?

9 manuscripts need a person, 2 of them past due and escalated to Noor Haddad. 14 all-clear notes are ready to send in bulk after a check, 4 reports wait for a check, and referral RF-2026-007 waits for the Research Integrity Officer.

Who can see a screening flag?

The specialists who screen it, the author of that manuscript once a checked report is sent, and the Research Integrity Officer if it is referred. Internal Audit sees the record with names withheld unless a need to know is recorded. A flag is never an allegation.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

Every figure panel on one lightbox, with the matches drawnManuscript MC-2026-0884 exploded into 6 figures, 41 panels and 18 supplementary panels, compared with the lab's 9 earlier papers (1,184 panels). A line joins panel 3C to Figure 5B of the lab's 2024 paper, labeled 0.97 · rotated 180°; dashed gray lines mark the matches the agents explained: 0.99 · reuse disclosed and 0.88 · labeled crop. Beside it: 71,567 image comparisons, 38 statistics recomputed, 64 references checked.
A match explained before anyone is toldPanels 3F and 4D are the same blot at similarity 0.99, with no transform. The Second-Look agent found the Figure 4 legend: the GAPDH loading control is reproduced from Figure 3F, a disclosed reuse. It explained the match with that cited passage, and a specialist who disagrees can still flag it, with a reason.
An image integrity check of panel 3C against the lab's 2024 paperFigure 3C (p-DRP1, S616A mutant, 24 h) and Figure 5B of Moravec et al. 2024 (p-DRP1, control siRNA, 48 h), side by side with a 212 × 148 px region outlined on both: similarity 0.97, 180°, 31,376 px², 1,284 matched points. The specialist can include it in the private report, clear it with a reason, refer it to the Research Integrity Officer, or override the agent.
The original western blot image, found in lab storageOpened from a citation: 2026-03-14_DRP1-S616A_24h_blot2.tif, acquired March 14, 2026 at 10:41 on the lab's imager, lanes labeled 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h to match panel 3C, and not used in any of the lab's 9 earlier papers. Every source opened is logged to the confidential audit trail.
A p-value checker that also reads the raw file38 statistics: 35 recompute as reported, 2 are explained by the methods and 1 needs a person. Table 2, row 3 reports t(14) = 2.38, p = .012; from the t value, p = .032 two-tailed; the lab's raw quantification file gives t(14) = 2.88, p = .012. A typing error, not a wrong result.
A retraction check on every referenceAll 64 references matched by DOI or by title and authors against 58,214 retraction notices. Reference 17 (retracted March 4, 2025) is cited as support in the introduction, and reference 41 (retracted November 16, 2023) is cited for a method, each with the citing sentence highlighted. Reference 52 has a 2024 correction, for information only.
A private pre-submission report, every item citedThe Report agent drafts the report for Dr. Lena Moravec from Daniel Achterberg's decisions: Figure 3C, Table 2 row 3, references 17 and 41, each cited to an image region, a table cell or a notice, with a suggested fix. It is marked confidential, not an allegation, and nothing reaches the author until a different specialist checks it.
A second specialist checks before the author sees itNoor Haddad, as the checker, confirms that every item cites its evidence, the wording is neutral with no allegation language, no other author's unpublished data is shown, and the fixes are the author's choice. Return to the preparer (CHK-02) or Checked · send privately (CHK-01); the preparer cannot check their own report.
The author fixes it in one clickDr. Lena Moravec sees only her own report: a service before submission, not an allegation. She uses the original blot for 3C and the Image agent re-screens it at once (highest similarity 0.21), then accepts the corrections: t(14) = 2.88, reference 17 replaced by reference 29, reference 41 cites its notice.
Resolved before submission, both images keptDaniel Achterberg closes MC-2026-0884 as RES-01, resolved before submission, on October 20 at 14:52. Both versions of 3C stay in the confidential screening record, which is separate from any research misconduct process; only the Research Integrity Officer could open one.
The screening queue, by what needs a personAbout 1,900 manuscripts and 26,000 figure panels a year, reported to the author within 3 business days. Filters for need a person, all clear, waiting for a check, with the author and past due; 2 past-due screens escalated to Noor Haddad; 14 all-clear notes ready to send in bulk after a check.
A confidential audit trail, ready to exportEvery flag, decision, reason, source opened and setting changed, with who, when and the evidence: from the agents' screen at 09:15 through INC-01, CHK-01 and the author's replacement to RES-01 at 14:52. Entries are kept 7 years after closure, and the audit pack exports for auditors and federal reviewers.
What happened to the manuscripts that were flaggedJanuary 1 to October 19, 2026: 1,512 manuscripts screened (20,640 figure panels), 214 reached a person (14.2%), 171 resolved before submission, and a median of 2.1 days to a report against a 3-business-day target. No author is named on the page.
Governance

Built for a confidential office: cited, checked, need to know.

Seven roles, separated by dutyA specialist starts screens and decides flags; a second specialist checks reports, never their own; the Research Integrity Officer decides referrals; the author answers only her own report; the Associate Vice President for Research approves settings; the administrator proposes them; Internal Audit reads and exports. A refused action says why and is logged.
A second specialist checks every reportNothing reaches an author until a different specialist has checked it, with CHK-01 to send or CHK-02 to return. Bulk all-clear notes go through the same check.
Explained only with a cited passageEvery agent statement and value opens its source: the legend sentence, the table cell, the image region or the retraction notice. The Second-Look agent may set a flag aside only with a cited passage, and a specialist can flag it anyway, with a reason code.
A flag is not an allegationOnly the Research Integrity Officer can open an allegation assessment. Doing so opens a separate record; the screening record is never edited, and agents may not contact authors, journals or co-authors.
Need to know, retention and redactionNames are limited to those who need to know, in line with 42 CFR 93.106, and withheld on exports and Insights. Original and replacement images are kept with hashes for 7 years after closure, and unpublished data is redacted in the audit pack.
A confidential audit trail, ready to exportEvery flag, decision, reason code, source opened and settings change, with who, when and the evidence. The export pack has seven parts and a SHA-256 manifest, and access to the trail is itself logged.
Configuration

Your screening policy, set as versioned rules

The administrator proposes a change and the Associate Vice President for Research approves it as a new settings version. The agents, models and prompts in force are written into every screen's record.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Image similarity that becomes a flag0.90Below it, a match is recorded but nobody is told
Splice score that becomes a flag0.60Lane boundaries and pasted regions
Generated-texture score that becomes a flag0.50Lowered from 0.55 in settings version 14
A statistic recomputes whenIt agrees to the reported decimalsOr within 0.001
The Second-Look agent may explain a flag only withA cited passageOr a cited passage and a person's confirmation
Expressions of concernReach a personOr inform only; retractions always reach a person
Report to the author3 business days from arrivalEscalated to the senior specialist 1 day past due; author reminder after 5 days
Screening record retention7 years after closureBoth images kept with hashes; separate from misconduct records
Connections

Research integrity screening with the systems your office already runs

Manuscript submission systemscreening requests in, reports and author replies out
Lab data storageraw images and quantification files, read-only, only the folders an author shares
Research administration systemaward and protocol numbers
Retraction notice databaseretractions, expressions of concern and corrections, synced daily
Document managementwhere closed screening records are filed
Directory and single sign-onroles from directory groups
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

demo
4 in 5
flagged manuscripts fixed before submission (171 of 214)
Fixed before submission
January 1 – October 19, 2026
demo
1,036
candidate flags explained with a cited passage before any author heard of them
target
3days
to a private, cited report for the author

Sources: Bik, Casadevall and Fang, mBio (2016): a problematic duplicated figure in 3.8% of 20,621 biomedical papers · Nuijten et al., Behavior Research Methods (2016): statistical reporting errors in psychology, 1985–2013 · Michalek et al., PLoS Medicine (2010): the direct costs of one research misconduct investigation · 42 CFR Part 93 as revised, applying to allegations received from January 1, 2026; §93.106 (confidentiality) · "target" = design goal, measured in the live solution · "demo" = seen in the working solution, on its sample data · "typical" = published figures · "estimated" = our arithmetic, kept modest. Halden State University and the people named on this page are fictional — characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What research integrity offices ask us.

What is research integrity screening?

Research integrity screening is a confidential check of a manuscript before it is submitted: its figure panels for duplication, rotation and splices, its p-values against their test statistics, and its references against retraction notices. Research Integrity Screening puts seven agents on that work for a university's Office of Research Integrity, and an integrity specialist decides every flag that reaches a person.

How does an image integrity checker find a rotated or cropped duplicate?

The Image agent compares every panel with every other panel in the manuscript and with the lab's earlier papers, under rotation, flip, scale and crop, and outlines the shared region on both panels. In the working solution it matched panel 3C to Figure 5B of the lab's 2024 paper at 0.97 after a 180° rotation. It also scores possible splices and generated textures against their own thresholds, and only scores; a person judges.

Can it check p-values and retracted references, not only images?

Yes. The Stats agent recomputes every p-value from its test statistic and degrees of freedom, and from the lab's raw quantification file where it is shared, which tells a typing error from a wrong result. The Citation agent runs a retraction check on every reference and shows where each retracted paper is cited.

How does it avoid flagging a disclosed reuse?

Before any flag reaches a person, the Second-Look agent searches the methods, legends, supplement and raw files for an innocent explanation, such as a disclosed reused loading control, a labeled crop, a stated Bonferroni adjustment or a stated one-tailed test. It may explain a flag only with a cited passage, and a specialist can still flag it anyway, with a reason.

Is a screening flag an allegation of research misconduct?

No. The report goes privately to the author as a service before submission. Only the Research Integrity Officer can open an allegation assessment, which creates a separate record, and the agents may not contact authors, journals or co-authors or call anything misconduct.

Who can see a pre-submission screening report?

The specialists who screen it, the author of that manuscript once a second specialist has checked it, and the Research Integrity Officer if it is referred. Names are limited to those who need to know, and Internal Audit and the Insights page see them withheld.

Do people stay in control of the decision?

Yes. A specialist decides every flag with a reason code, a second specialist checks every report and never their own, the author chooses every fix, the Research Integrity Officer decides any referral, and the Associate Vice President for Research approves each settings change.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your screening policy, reason codes and a sample of past manuscripts — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on your own manuscripts first.

See it on
your manuscripts.

We'll run Research Integrity Screening on a sample of your own manuscripts and figures.