WorkflowRisk Management & ALM

ALCO Reporting

ALCO reporting where the model's inputs tie to the general ledger before a page is drafted, every move is explained by driver in the margin, and the Treasurer approves the ALCO package page by page

An approved ALCO pack in 3 days, with every change explained and cited.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
target3daysfrom month-end data to an approved ALCO package, down from about 8 business days by hand
demo0.0bp unexplainedon the margin page: the notes sum to the 9 bp move, and a remainder would hold the page
target23of 23 limitscompared to the board's limits every month, every exception drafted with cause, plan and owner
typical89%of banks use NII sensitivity as a primary interest rate risk measure, in Risk.net's 2025 benchmarking
In short

What is ALCO Reporting?

ALCO Reporting is how treasury and finance assemble the ALCO package and explain NII, EVE and liquidity changes, with six agents doing the assembling, checking and explaining. The agents prove the ALM model's inputs to the general ledger before any page is drafted, explain every move by driver with each amount cited, compare every measure to the board's limits and draft the minutes. The ALM Analyst prepares, the Treasurer approves every page and the release, and the CFO approves the minutes.

AI use cases in banking: a buyer's guide to agentic AI for bank and credit union operations →

Updated

The problem

Why ALCO reporting still takes eight days of spreadsheets

Every month treasury and finance put a 40-to-60-page package in front of the asset/liability committee: the balance sheet, net interest income and margin, NII and EVE under rate shocks, liquidity, capital, the investment portfolio, the assumptions behind the model and every measure against the limits the board approved. The ALM model runs the numbers. Everything around it — pulling the inputs, proving they match the general ledger, building the pages, writing what changed and why, comparing every measure to its limit — is done by hand in spreadsheets and slides.

So the inputs are proved to the ledger by eye on totals, or not at all, and a break is found after the pages are built. The commentary describes a move ("NIM fell 9 bp") instead of explaining it. An exception is noticed at the meeting, without a cause, a plan or an owner. Members' questions arrive by email and are answered without sources, and the minutes are typed a week later with the decisions and owners left vague. ALCO Reporting puts six agents on that work and keeps every decision with a named person.

demo46pagesin the October ALCO package in the working solution, drawn from 11 sources for 9 committee members
demo$14.21Mof purchased CRE participations missing from the model's loan extract on the first run, caught before any page was drafted
typical1 in 4lendersplans to upgrade its ALM technology, while batch processing and Excel still pervade the work, in Risk.net's 2025 benchmarking
Where the business days of a monthly ALCO package goestimated
By hand8 days
With the solution3 days
  • Pulling loan, deposit and securities data into the ALM model1 → 0.5 d
  • Proving the model's inputs to the general ledger and the core1 → 0.3 d
  • Building the pages of tables and charts2 → 0.5 d
  • Writing what changed since the last ALCO, and why1.5 → 0.5 d
  • Comparing every measure to its board limit and drafting exceptions1 → 0.3 d
  • Treasurer and CFO review and corrections1.5 → 1 d

Estimated split for one monthly package at a community bank, by hand and with the agents: our arithmetic from the steps above, kept modest. The ALM model's own run is not counted, because it stays in the model. The 3-day total is a design target, measured in a pilot.

How it works

How a month-end becomes an approved pack

Six agents reconcile, draft, explain, check limits, answer and minute; the ALM Analyst prepares, the Treasurer approves every page, the CFO approves the minutes.

What comes in
Month-end in1 ALM run, 10 more sources · ALM model, general ledger, core, investments, partner program, policy
Agents at work
Pack agentreconcile, then draft
Then
Change agentevery move by driver
Assumption agentevidence and effect
Then
Limit agent23 board limits
Question agentmembers ask the page
Then
Minutes agentdecisions and owners
A person decides
ALM Analyst, Treasurer, CFOthe analyst prepares · the Treasurer approves every page · the CFO approves the minutes
What comes out
An approved 46-page pack
Every change explained and cited
Examiner evidence pack
One case, step by step

One month of ALCO reporting, from the ledger to an approved ALCO package

Tessaly Community Bank, $3.4 billion in assets, prepares its October 2026 ALCO package on September 30 data. The committee meets on Tuesday, October 20, and the package goes to members on Friday, October 16. Here is the month, screen by screen in the working solution.

  1. 01Friday, October 9, 4:40 p.m.

    The model's inputs are proved to the ledger first, and a break holds only the pages it touches

    Pack agent

    The Pack agent loads the ALM run and ten other sources and runs 14 checks against the general ledger and the core. Loans in the model are $2,526.24M; in the ledger, $2,540.45M: a $14.21M break, 0.56% against a 0.25% tolerance. It holds the 21 pages that depend on loans and drafts the other 25. On Monday Elise Marchetti adds the participations to the model, Jonah Whitcombe approves the fix with RECON-FIX, and on run R2 13 checks tie and one timing difference of $2.04M goes to the Treasurer.

    Accounts 1427-310 and 1427-315 were not in the model's loan extract.

  2. 02Wednesday, 9:20 a.m.

    The ALCO package opens like a book, with what changed in the margin

    Elise Marchetti · ALM Analyst

    Page 12 of 46, Net interest margin, August to September: 3.21%, down 9 bp from 3.30%, with a waterfall by driver. In the margin, the Change agent's notes under "What changed since the last ALCO, and why": −6 bp from deposit mix, −3 bp from partner repricing, 0 bp from asset yields, net. Along the bottom, a strip of all 46 pages marks the notes, limit items, questions and approvals.

  3. 03One click

    Every amount opens the passage it came from

    Change agent

    The −6 bp note opens the core banking system's deposit migration report for September, with the cited lines marked: 2,912 customers moved $61,004,318 from non-interest-bearing demand into money market, where the weighted rate paid was 3.15%. The −3 bp note cites Schedule B of the program agreements: $412.0M of partner balances stepped from 3.40% to 3.65% on September 1.

  4. 04Under the notes

    The drivers have to add up to the move

    Change agent

    The agent read page 12 and September's version of it, found the measures that moved, traced each one to its source and checked that the notes sum to the change. A remainder would show as unexplained and hold the page. It handed the page to Elise Marchetti and then the Treasurer, with its lowest confidence at 93% against an 85% threshold.

    Notes sum to −9 bp · unexplained 0.0 bp

  5. 05Page 17

    NII at risk across rate shocks, against the board's limit

    Change agent · Limit agent

    Base 12-month net interest income is $101.8M. At +200 bp it falls to $94.9M, −6.8% against a −10% limit: 68% of the limit used, below the 80% early-warning level. The margin splits the 0.7-point change since August into −0.5 points from the deposit mix and −0.2 points from the larger partner balances, which reprice at 80% of a rate move.

  6. 06Approved

    The Treasurer approves the page, and only then can members read it

    Jonah Whitcombe · Treasurer

    Elise Marchetti prepared page 17; Jonah Whitcombe approves it as the checker. The dialog lists what he is approving: inputs reconciled on run 2026-09-R2, three margin notes each cited, no limit item on the page. The count moves to 21 of 46 approved, and the page is released to the nine ALCO members. On the contents, 17 pages with nothing open can be approved together; 8 need a decision first.

  7. 07Drafted before the meeting

    The one exception arrives with cause, plan and owner

    Limit agent

    Of 23 board limits, 21 are within, one is on watch and one is over. Quillfern Wallet, a program partner, holds $151.0M, 5.20% of total deposits against a 5.00% single-partner limit in Section 6.3 of the policy: $5.8M over, after it moved its card-program settlement float to the bank on September 8. Elise Marchetti submitted the note; Jonah Whitcombe approves or sends it back with a reason code.

    Plan: sweep $8.0M to the bank's reciprocal deposit network by October 30, to 4.92% of deposits. Owner: Lena Ostrowski.

  8. 08Before anyone approves it

    An assumption change, shown with what it moves

    Assumption agent

    Elise Marchetti proposes shortening the partner balances' average life from 3.0 to 2.0 years, on 50.2% annualized runoff over 18 months. The agent shows the effect beside the evidence: EVE at +400 bp moves from −26.9% to −27.9%, from 90% to 93% of its limit, and NII at +200 bp from −6.6% to −6.8%. The back-test sits below it: $99.4M of NII projected, $97.6M actual, −1.8% within ±5%.

  9. 09Before the meeting, not during it

    Members ask on the page, and the answers cite the package's own sources

    Question agent

    Anita Ferreira, Head of Retail Banking, asked on page 10 how much of the $61M went into the September money market promotion. The drafted answer: $47.2M, in 1,284 promotional accounts at 3.15%, cited to the money market promotion and the deposit migration report. Nothing reaches a member until Elise Marchetti releases it, within one business day.

  10. 10On the record

    Every agent step and every decision, ready for examiners

    Theo Lindqvist · Internal Audit Manager

    The trail shows who, what, when, the reason code and the evidence for agents and people alike: the loan fix approved with RECON-FIX, the 21 held pages drafted on run R2, the notes on page 12, page 17 approved. It is kept and never edited, and an evidence pack can be exported for FDIC and state examiners, internal audit or the Board Risk Committee.

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who prepares, signs and reads the ALCO package.

The same October package, seen by five people at Tessaly Community Bank: what their month looked like, and what it looks like now.

EM
Elise MarchettiPrepares the ALCO package · ALCO secretary
ALM Analyst
Before
Pulls the extracts, proves totals by eye, builds the pages in spreadsheets and slides, and writes the commentary late in the week, describing each move because there is no time to trace it.
Now
Starts from pages drafted on inputs that already tie, accepts or edits the agents' margin notes with a reason, and releases members' answers that arrive drafted and cited.
JW
Jonah WhitcombeApproves every page, exception, assumption change and the release
Treasurer
Before
Reviews the package in several rounds by email, checks numbers against the limits himself, and has no record of who approved what.
Now
Approves page by page as the checker, approves the clean pages in one step, and decides the exception and the assumption change with their evidence and effect on the screen.
DP
Dale PruittChairs ALCO · approves the minutes
Chief Financial Officer
Before
Gets minutes a week after the meeting, with decisions and owners vague and actions lost before the next ALCO.
Now
Approves minutes drafted from the secretary's notes, each decision, owner and due date traced to a note line, and sees overdue actions escalated to him.
LO
Lena OstrowskiALCO member · owns the partner exception plan
Head of Partner Banking
Before
Hears about a partner over its limit at the meeting, and is asked for a plan on the spot.
Now
Is named owner of a drafted plan, with the cause, the amount over and the policy section, before the committee meets.
TL
Theo LindqvistReads everything, changes nothing, exports the evidence
Internal Audit Manager
Before
Rebuilds who approved an assumption, and when, from emails and slide versions.
Now
Filters one trail by person, agent or reason code, opens the evidence behind each entry and exports a pack for examiners.
Built on the engine

6 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Six agents reconcile, draft, explain, check limits, answer and minute; the ALM Analyst prepares, the Treasurer approves every page, the CFO approves the minutes.

Pack agent

Loads the ALM run and the 10 other sources, proves the model's inputs to the general ledger and the core, drafts the 46 pages from the template, checks the release gates and stamps the version.

  • Never drafts a page on an input that does not reconcile
  • Never releases a package
  • Never changes a model figure
Change agent

Explains every moved measure by driver — balance mix, rates, contract terms, assumption changes — with an amount and a citation per driver.

  • Never publishes notes whose amounts do not sum to the change
  • Never explains a move it cannot trace to a source
Limit agent

Compares all 23 measures to the board limits, flags the early-warning levels, and drafts each exception note with cause, plan, owner and policy section.

  • Never changes a limit
  • Never marks an exception resolved
  • Never sends a note a person has not approved
Assumption agent

Compares the model's assumptions to the deposit study and to experience, shows the effect of every change on NII and EVE, and back-tests the projection and the betas.

  • Never changes an assumption in the model
  • Never approves its own proposal
Question agent

Answers members' questions on released pages from the package's own sources, with citations.

  • Never answers outside the package's sources
  • Never sends an answer the ALM Analyst has not released
  • Never shows customer-level data to a member
Minutes agent

Drafts the minutes from the secretary's notes — attendance, quorum, each decision with its owner and due date, each cited to the notes — and tracks actions to the next ALCO.

  • Never records a decision that is not in the notes
  • Never approves minutes
ALM Analyst, Treasurer, CFO

Prepares · approves every page · approves the minutes. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask about any page, number, limit or source

The assistant answers from the package's own pages and sources, cites them, and opens the screen where the decision is made.

Why did the margin fall 9 basis points?

Two drivers, and they add up to the whole move. −6 bp from deposit mix: $61.0M moved from non-interest-bearing demand into money market accounts paying 3.15%, within the same 2,912 customer relationships. −3 bp from partner repricing: the program agreements' year-two rate took effect September 1, $412.0M from 3.40% to 3.65%. Asset yields net to 0 bp: new loans added 1 bp, securities paydowns took 1 bp.

Which limits are closest to breaking?

One is already over and one is close. Quillfern Wallet is at 5.20% of deposits against a 5.00% single-partner limit, $5.8M over; the drafted plan sweeps $8.0M by October 30. EVE at +400 bp is −27.9% against −30.0%, 93% of the limit, and a note is required at 90%. The other 21 are within.

What does the partner average-life change do to the numbers?

Shortening partner balances from 3.0 to 2.0 years moves EVE at +400 bp from −26.9% to −27.9%, from 90% to 93% of its limit, and NII at +200 bp from −6.6% to −6.8%. The evidence is 18 months of partner attrition: 50.2% annualized runoff. The change is with Jonah Whitcombe.

Is the package ready to release?

Only when all six gates hold: sources in, checks closed, notes and the assumption decided, every page approved and every question answered. Until then it says which gates are open; once they hold, Jonah Whitcombe can release it.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

The ALCO package, read one page at a time, with what changed explained in the marginPage 12 of 46 of the October 2026 ALCO package: net interest margin 3.21%, down 9 bp from 3.30%, with a waterfall by driver. In the margin, the Change agent's three notes — −6 bp deposit mix, −3 bp partner repricing, 0 bp asset yields — each with its source. Along the bottom, the strip of all 46 pages.
Every amount opens the source passage it came fromThe −6 bp deposit-mix note opened to its source: the core banking system's deposit migration report for September 1–30, 2026, with the cited lines marked — 2,912 customers moved $61,004,318 from non-interest-bearing demand to money market, at a weighted 3.15%.
How the Change agent worked the page out, and checked its notes add up"Notes sum to −9 bp · unexplained 0.0 bp", then the agent's steps: read the page and September's, found the measures that moved, traced each to its source, checked the notes sum to the move, and handed the page to the ALM Analyst and the Treasurer at 93% confidence against an 85% threshold.
No page is drafted until the ALM model's inputs tie to the general ledgerFourteen checks of the model's inputs against the general ledger and the core. On run R1 the model carried $2,526.24M of loans against $2,540.45M in the ledger, a $14.21M break (0.56%) from accounts 1427-310 and 1427-315, fixed October 12 and approved by the Treasurer.
NII sensitivity across rate shocks, against the board's limitPage 17: base 12-month net interest income $101.8M; at +200 bp −6.8% against a −10% limit, 68% of the limit used. Shocks from +400 to −400 bp beside their limits and August's figures, and the 0.7-point change since August explained in the margin.
The Treasurer approves the page; only then can members read itApproving page 17 records Jonah Whitcombe as the checker and releases the page to the nine ALCO members: inputs reconciled to the ledger and the core on run 2026-09-R2, three margin notes each cited, no limit item on the page.
All 46 pages, with the clean ones approved in one stepThe package's contents by section after page 17 is approved: 21 approved, 25 with the Treasurer. Seventeen pages have nothing open and can be approved together; eight need a decision first — a limit item, the assumption change or the cover.
Every interest rate risk limit, every month, with the share of the limit usedBoard limits on September 30: 23 measures, 21 within, 1 watch, 1 exception, against the Interest Rate Risk and Liquidity Policy v7 approved June 23, 2026. NII at risk at +200 bp −6.8% against −10% (68%); EVE sensitivity at +400 bp −27.9% against −30% (93%, watch).
The Limit agent drafts the exception with cause, plan and ownerQuillfern Wallet's $151.0M is 5.20% of total deposits, $5.8M over the single-partner limit in Section 6.3. The cause, a plan to sweep $8.0M to the reciprocal deposit network by October 30, owner Lena Ostrowski, reported to ALCO and the Board Risk Committee.
An assumption change shown with its evidence and what it movesPartner balances' average life from 3.0 to 2.0 years, on 50.2% annualized runoff over 18 months. It moves +400 bp EVE from −26.9% to −27.9% (90% to 93% of the limit) and +200 bp NII from −6.6% to −6.8%. Back-testing: actual NII 1.8% below projection, within ±5%.
ALCO members ask on the page; answers come back with their sourcesQuestions answered by the Question agent from the package's own sources and released by the ALM Analyst within one business day. Anita Ferreira asked how much of the $61M went into the money market promotion: $47.2M, in 1,284 promotional accounts.
ALCO meeting minutes drafted from the secretary's notesThe September 22 ALCO: the secretary's eight note lines on the left; on the right, the Minutes agent's draft — attendance 8 of 9 and quorum, one decision and five actions, each with its owner, due date and the note line it came from. Approved by Dale Pruitt, the CFO, on September 25.
A complete trail of agents' steps and people's decisions, ready for examinersWho, what, when, the reason code and the evidence, for agents and people alike, filterable, with an evidence pack export for FDIC and state examiners, internal audit or the Board Risk Committee.
Governance

Reconciled, cited and approved before a member reads a page.

Six roles, separated by dutyThe ALM Analyst prepares; the Treasurer approves pages, exceptions, assumption changes and the release; the CFO, as ALCO chair, approves the minutes; members read released pages and ask; the administrator changes settings only; internal audit reads and exports. The preparer cannot approve, and the Treasurer cannot approve the minutes.
A maker and a checker on every decisionEvery page, exception note, assumption change, reconciliation fix and timing difference is prepared by one person and approved by another, and the release is the Treasurer's. Decisions carry reason codes such as RECON-FIX, TIMING-DIFF, SEND-BACK-NOTE, LIMIT-PLAN and ASSUMPTION-EVIDENCE.
Every number and note opens its sourceEach amount in a margin note opens the marked passage in the core banking system, the general ledger, the program agreement or the policy. Each page lists its sources, and each answer to a member cites the package.
Agents work inside limits people setNo page is drafted on unreconciled inputs, notes that do not sum are not published, and no agent approves, releases, or changes a limit or an assumption. Prompts and models are versioned per agent, a note below the 85% confidence threshold is held for the ALM Analyst, and every override needs a reason code.
Members see released pages onlyDrafts never reach a member. Depositor concentration shows ranks and amounts, never names. Investigation and SAR flags are excluded from every source, locked, so a SAR can never appear on any page or in any answer.
A trail that is kept, and exported for examinersWho, what, when, why and the evidence, for agents and people, never edited. Evidence packs export for FDIC and state examiners, internal audit or the Board Risk Committee, each logged. Packages, minutes and the trail are kept 7 years and source extracts 5 years.
Configuration

Your committee's rules, set once

The calendar, tolerances, thresholds and retention are settings the administrator holds. Each change is saved as a new version with a reason, and a change to a board limit opens a new policy version the board must approve before it is used.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Meeting calendarMonthly, the third Tuesday, 8:00 a.m.Third Tuesday, second Tuesday or quarterly
Release lead time2 business days before the meeting2, 3 or 5 business days
Rolling releaseOnOn or off; when on, members read each page as soon as the Treasurer approves it
Reconciliation tolerancesBalances 0.25% · income $0.25M · rates 2 bpSet per check; a break holds every page it touches
Confidence threshold85%A note below it is held for the ALM Analyst before the page is drafted
Early-warning level80% of a limitReported to ALCO at this share of a limit
Written note required at90% of a limitThe Limit agent drafts a watch note
Retention7 years for packages, minutes and the trail; 5 years for source extracts7 years / 5 years or 10 years / 7 years, following the bank's record schedule
Connections

Works with the systems treasury and finance already run

ALM modelthe monthly run: NII, EVE, gap and liquidity projections under every rate shock
General ledgerthe final trial balance the model's inputs are proved against
Core banking systemdeposit and loan balances, rates, production and month-over-month migration
Investment accounting systemsecurities holdings with book and market values
Partner program ledger and document managementpartner balances, program agreements, the deposit study and the board's policy
Board portaldistribution of the released package, and last month's minutes and actions
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
3days
from month-end data to an approved ALCO pack, down from 8
Today8 business days
With agents3 business days
target
Everychange
in NII, NIM and EVE explained by driver, the amounts summing to the move, each cited
target
23of 23
board limits compared every month; every exception drafted with cause, plan and owner
23 board limits
compared every month

Sources: Risk.net, "EVE and NII dominate IRRBB limit-setting", 2025 benchmarking (89% of banks use NII sensitivity as a primary measure; batch processing and Excel still pervade ALM, and about one lender in four plans technology upgrades) · Federal Reserve SR 10-1 and FDIC FIL-2-2010, Interagency Advisory on Interest Rate Risk Management, January 2010. "demo" = seen in the working solution, on its sample data · "target" = design goal, measured in the live solution · "typical" = published figures · "estimated" = our arithmetic, kept modest. Tessaly Community Bank, its program partners, its balance sheet and the people named on this page are fictional: characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What treasurers and CFOs ask about ALCO reporting.

What is ALCO Reporting?

ALCO Reporting is how treasury and finance assemble the ALCO package and explain NII, EVE and liquidity changes, with six agents doing the assembling, checking and explaining. The agents prove the ALM model's inputs to the general ledger before any page is drafted, explain every move by driver with each amount cited, compare every measure to the board's limits and draft the minutes. The ALM Analyst prepares, the Treasurer approves every page and the release, and the CFO approves the minutes.

What goes in an ALCO package?

In the working solution, the October package has 46 pages in 13 sections, drawn from 11 sources: the balance sheet, net interest income and margin, NII and EVE sensitivity under rate shocks from +400 to −400 bp, liquidity, capital, the investment portfolio, the assumptions and their back-tests, every measure against the board's limits, and the actions from the last meeting. Each page lists the sources it draws on.

How does it explain a change in net interest margin to ALCO?

The Change agent splits each move into drivers — balance mix, rates, contract terms, assumption changes — each with its amount and a citation to the source passage. The amounts must add up to the move: on the margin page, −6 bp from deposit mix and −3 bp from partner repricing explain the 9 bp fall, with 0.0 bp unexplained. A remainder would hold the page for a person.

How does it reconcile the ALM model to the general ledger?

Before any page is drafted, the Pack agent runs checks of the model's inputs against the general ledger and the core banking system, each with a tolerance — 0.25% for balances. A break holds exactly the pages it touches and names the accounts behind it; in the working solution a $14.21M loan break held 21 pages until the ALM Analyst fixed the input and the Treasurer approved the fix.

Does it replace our ALM model?

No. The calculation of NII, EVE, gap and liquidity stays in your ALM model; the agents read its run. They never change a model figure or an assumption in the model: an assumption change is proposed by the ALM Analyst, shown with its effect on NII and EVE, and approved or rejected by the Treasurer.

Can it draft the ALCO meeting minutes and track actions?

Yes. The Minutes agent drafts the minutes from the secretary's notes — attendance, quorum, each decision with its owner and due date — and cites every item to a note line. Only the CFO, as chair, approves them. Actions are tracked to the next ALCO, listed on page 2 of the next package, and an overdue one is escalated to the CFO.

Do people stay in control of the ALCO package?

Yes. The agents prepare, check and explain; they never approve a page, release the package, resolve an exception or change a limit. The Treasurer approves every page, exception note and assumption change with a reason code, members read released pages only, and every step is on a trail that internal audit can export.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents — your package template, board policy and limits, ALM model output and ledger extracts — and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on one month of your own data first.

See it on
your own ALCO package.

We'll run ALCO Reporting on one month of your ALM model run, general ledger and board limits, and show you the notes it writes on your margin.