SystemConsumer Compliance & Conduct

Customer Remediation

Customer remediation that finds every affected customer before a dollar moves, pays each refund the right way, and follows every dollar to its end, with a person signing each step

Every affected customer found and paid, and every dollar traced to its end.

See one case, screen by screen ↓
demo62,414accountsaffected, agreed by two population builds that never saw each other's result
demo$8,914,220.40refunds1,702,436 fees of $5.00 plus interest under method v3, traceable fee by fee for any account
demo60 of 60accountsagreed to $0.00 when Internal Audit's blind sample was re-performed from source at close-out
target100%of refund dollars traced to credited, cashed, reissued or reported as unclaimed property before a program closes
In short

What is Customer Remediation?

Customer remediation in banking is the program a bank runs when it finds it charged customers wrongly: find every affected customer, current and former, refund each one with interest, and prove the population, the math and the payments to regulators and internal audit. Customer Remediation runs that program end to end with agents that build, compute, draft and follow the money, while people approve each step. The whole program reads as one waterfall of plain counts, and a step that does not tie to the one before it says so and shows why.

AI use cases in banking: a buyer's guide to agentic AI for bank and credit union operations →

Updated

The problem

Why fee remediation leaves customers unpaid and findings open

Customer remediation in banking starts when a bank finds it charged customers wrongly: a fee it had removed from the schedule, an overdraft it should not have taken, an exemption it ignored. It owes every affected customer, current and former, a refund with interest, and it has to show the CFPB, the OCC and its own internal audit that the population was complete, the math was right and the money arrived. Today an analyst writes one query against the core banking system, a spreadsheet computes the interest, and the method lives in a memo.

One extract and one method miss the customers whose history lives somewhere else: accounts closed before a core conversion, a legacy archive, charged-off accounts. Each miss becomes a second finding and a second program. Spreadsheets with hand-edited rates cannot be re-run by internal audit, letters and checks go to a vendor, returned mail is worked by hand, and a program reports "paid" when the checks are printed, not when the money reached the customer or the state.

typical$141 millionrefundsin overdraft fees at least, required of one regional bank by a 2022 order
typical$48 millionreliefestimated, required by an earlier order, for services customers never received
demo1,184customersa single population query would have left unpaid in the sample program, all closed before a core conversion
Where the weeks go from population to payment, on one programestimated
By hand10 weeks
With the solution4 weeks
  • Building the affected population and checking it is complete3 → 1 wk
  • Computing refunds with interest and checking the math2 → 0.5 wk
  • Drafting, reviewing and approving the customer letters2 → 1 wk
  • Sorting deceased, bankruptcy, joint and no-address accounts1.5 → 1 wk
  • Building the payment file and the ledger entries1.5 → 0.5 wk

Estimated split of the team's working weeks on one program at the demo bank's size, by hand and with the agents, about 10 weeks down to about 4. It leaves out the time customers take to cash a check. Our arithmetic, kept modest.

How it works

How a remediation moves

Seven agents scope, build two blind populations, compute, write and follow the money; five people sign.

What comes in
An issue in6 to 9 programs a year · issue register, core, archive, complaints
Agents at work
Issue agentprogram file, rules, lookback
Then
Population agent Afrom fee postings
Population agent Bevery transaction replayed
Then
Calculation agentrefund with interest, method v3
Letters agentplain language, English and Spanish
Then
Payment and Validation agentscredits, checks, unclaimed, close-out
A person decides
Program manager, Compliance, Finance, Internal Auditeach approves their own step
What comes out
Population reconciled to zero
Refunds paid and traced
Close-out pack for the regulator
One case, step by step

One customer remediation program, from two counts to one

Corvane National Bank, a large US regional bank, has eight remediation programs open. In REM-2026-07 a $5.00 savings transfer fee removed on March 1, 2025 kept charging until June 12, 2026, and the bank reported it to the CFPB in a commitment letter on July 20, 2026, with a completion report due March 31, 2027. Here is Thursday, October 22, 2026, screen by screen, in the working solution.

  1. 01Thursday morning

    The whole remediation program as one waterfall

    Delphine Harrow · Remediation Program Manager

    The issue sits on top in one sentence. Below it, seven plain counts read left to right: 1,486,902 accounts screened, 62,414 affected, $8,914,220.40 refund computed, then paid by credit, paid by check, check returned and sent to unclaimed property. Each count has one sentence saying how it was found, with its source. Accounts affected says "Does not reconcile", and the next decision on the right is Delphine's: approve the population.

    "Corvane kept charging a $5.00 savings transfer fee after it was removed from the fee schedule on Mar 1, 2025, until Jun 12, 2026."

  2. 028:29 and 8:31 AM

    Two population builds that never see each other

    Population agents A and B

    Population agent A reads fee postings with fee code TRF5 on the new core: 61,230 accounts and 1,699,024 fees. Population agent B replays every transfer out of savings against the fee schedule in force on its date, in the new core and the legacy archive: 62,414 accounts and 1,702,436 fees. Neither sees the other's result, and the program cannot pay until they agree.

    Population A's run log: "Did not read: legacy archive."

  3. 038:33 AM

    The 1,184 explained, with the record that proves it

    Population agent B

    All 1,184 accounts in B and not in A closed between Mar 1 and Nov 7, 2025, before the core conversion. They were charged 3,412 fees, $17,060.00, plus $993.68 interest, and every one has the fee in the legacy archive's posting history. One click opens the core conversion log, CONV-2025-11.

    "Accounts closed before cutover were not converted; their history is kept read-only in the legacy archive."

  4. 049:14 AM

    The population approved on the analyst's proposal

    Delphine Harrow · Remediation Program Manager

    At 8:52 AM Priya Castellano, the analyst, proposed including all 1,184 former customers. Delphine approves as checker: the approval names the maker, requires a reason code and a note, and asks her to confirm she read both builds, the difference file and the conversion log. The population is 62,414 accounts, and refunds become $8,914,220.40, up from $8,896,166.72 on population A alone.

    "PD-1 · missed by one method; source record confirms the charge"

  5. 05After the approval

    Every step reconciles

    Calculation and Payment agents

    Both population agents agree on 62,414 accounts. The Calculation agent recomputes 1,702,436 fees of $5.00 plus $402,040.40 interest at 4.10% to Nov 16 under method v3. The Payment agent splits 54,759 credits ($7,795,980.53) from 7,614 checks ($1,112,656.48) for closed accounts, with 41 accounts ($5,583.39) held for Legal, and the footer shows $0.00 unaccounted.

    The Calculation agent's limit: "Only an approved method pays."

  6. 06Any account

    One refund, traced fee by fee

    Calculation agent

    Loretta Vance-Albright's Statement Savings ••4417 closed on Sep 3, 2025 and was found by Population B only. Each of her 14 fees shows its posting date, the days to the payment date and its interest: $70.00 in fees plus $4.17 interest, a refund of $74.17. The Payment agent found her new address through the address service at 0.97, and the page says what to tell her if she calls.

    Method v3: "Interest per fee: fee × 4.10% × days from posting to payment ÷ 365, rounded to the cent."

  7. 07The exceptions

    Seven groups, each paid the right way

    Priya Castellano · Remediation Analyst

    The agents set aside the accounts that need a person, each group with a proposed way to pay: 286 deceased owners (check to the estate), 41 in bankruptcy (held for Legal), 312 charged off (paid by check), 1,906 joint closed accounts (one check to all owners), 219 with no usable address (171 found), 1,288 who complained about the fee and 4,980 letters in Spanish. Priya decides a whole group in one step with a reason code, or assigns groups to Mateus Oyelaran in bulk.

    Method v3, rule 6: "Never set off against any debt."

  8. 08Next

    Letters in plain words, approved only by Compliance

    Graham Whitfield · Consumer Compliance Officer

    The Letters agent drafts four letters from the approved templates: credit to 54,759 open accounts, check to 7,614 closed accounts, estate to 286, and Spanish to 4,980. Loretta's check letter reads at grade 6.1: we charged you $5.00 fourteen times, a check for $74.17 is enclosed, please cash it by May 17, 2027. Each fact cites the account record, and only Graham approves the letters or returns them with a reason code.

    The templates' rule: "No reference to any internal finding, investigation or report."

  9. 09Then

    A payment file tied to the general ledger

    Rafael Duquesne · Remediation Finance Controller

    What leaves the bank: 54,759 credits posting Mon Nov 16, 7,614 checks numbered 400611 to 408224 mailed Wed Nov 18, and 41 refunds held for Legal, totaling $8,914,220.40. The ledger entries debit the 2480-207 remediation reserve, trued up by $18,053.68 for the 1,184. Priya prepared the file; when she tries to approve it herself, she is stopped.

    "Not allowed: Priya Castellano prepared this, so another person must approve it."

  10. 10Close-out

    Close-out validated from the evidence, not the summary

    Ines Marchetti · Internal Audit Validation Lead

    The same waterfall closes REM-2025-11, NSF fees charged again on re-presented items: 28,906 accounts, $3,207,515.18 refunded and 519 checks ($61,402.77) sent to unclaimed property, every step reconciling with $0.00 unaccounted. The Validation agent re-performed a blind sample of 60 accounts in four strata, all 60 agreeing, rebuilt the population (28,906 = 28,906) and tied the checks to the general ledger. Only Ines signs the validation before the completion report goes to the OCC.

    The Validation agent's limits: "Read only. Never edits program data."

Who it’s for

Built for everyone who signs a customer remediation program.

Five people at Corvane National Bank who take a fee issue from a population to a validated close-out: what their week looked like, and what it looks like now.

DH
Delphine HarrowRemediation Program Manager · approves every population and method across 8 open programs
Remediation Program Manager
Before
Signs a population built from one extract with one method, where every customer it missed becomes a second finding and a second program.
Now
Approves the population only when two blind builds agree, with every difference explained and cited, and sees each program's next decision on one waterfall.
PC
Priya CastellanoRemediation Analyst · builds populations, methods and payment files as maker
Remediation Analyst
Before
Writes SQL against the core for affected accounts, computes refunds and interest in a spreadsheet, and keeps the method in a memo.
Now
Reviews two cited population builds, proposes how to resolve each difference, decides exception groups with a reason code and prepares the payment file as maker.
GW
Graham WhitfieldConsumer Compliance Officer · approves every letter and the governing rules
Consumer Compliance Officer
Before
Reviews letter templates by hand before a vendor prints the letters and checks.
Now
Approves or returns four plain-language letters, in English and Spanish, each fact cited to the account record and read at grade 7 or lower.
RD
Rafael DuquesneRemediation Finance Controller · releases payment files and the ledger entries
Remediation Finance Controller
Before
Books the reserve, posts credits and issues official checks, while returned mail is worked by hand and uncashed checks age.
Now
Releases the payment file only when credits, checks and holds tie to the reserve, and sees every check followed to cashed, reissued or unclaimed property.
IM
Ines MarchettiInternal Audit Validation Lead · signs close-out before the bank reports completion
Internal Audit Validation Lead
Before
Samples accounts and re-performs refunds from spreadsheets with hand-edited rates and no version history.
Now
Signs the close-out after the Validation agent's blind re-performance of 60 accounts, a rebuilt population and a general ledger tie-out.
Built on the engine

7 agents. Each with one job, and hard limits.

Seven agents scope, build two blind populations, compute, write and follow the money; five people sign.

Issue agent

Drafts the program file from the issue register, linked complaints and fee schedules: the issue in one sentence, the lookback, the products and the governing rules.

  • Proposes scope and lookback; never sets them
  • Cites every statement
Population agent A

Builds the affected population from fee postings, by fee code and date, net of reversals, and reports which systems it read and did not read.

  • Never sees Population agent B's result
  • States which systems it did not read
Population agent B

Rebuilds the population by replaying every transaction against the fee schedule in force on its date, across the core and the legacy archive.

  • Never sees Population agent A's result
  • Difference tolerance 0 accounts
  • Explains every difference with a source
Calculation agent

Computes each refund with interest under the approved method version, keeps the per-fee working, and compares method versions on a whole program.

  • Only an approved method pays
  • Never sets setoff or a minimum amount
Letters agent

Writes plain-language customer letters from approved templates, in the customer's language, with every fact taken from the record.

  • Reading grade 7 or lower
  • No internal findings, investigations or reports
  • Never invents a fact
Payment agent

Splits credits, checks and holds; builds the ledger entries and the check printing file; follows every check to cashed, returned, reissued or unclaimed property.

  • Never releases a file; Finance approves
  • An address match under 0.90 goes to a person
Validation agent

For Internal Audit: re-performs a blind sample, rebuilds the population on its own, ties the waterfall to the general ledger and assembles the close-out pack.

  • Read only
  • Never edits program data
Remediation Program Manager

Approves the population; others sign theirs. The agents propose; a named person decides.

Ask in plain words

Ask the agents about any program, step or account

Ask why two counts differ, how a refund was computed or what is due. Every answer cites the record or rule behind it, and opens the screen it is about.

Why do the two populations differ by 1,184?

Population agent A read fee postings on the new core only. The 1,184 accounts closed between Mar 1 and Nov 7, 2025, before the core conversion, so their history is only in the legacy archive. Population agent B replayed that archive and found the $5.00 fee on each: 3,412 fees, $17,060.00.

How was Loretta Vance-Albright's refund computed?

Her savings ••4417 closed on Sep 3, 2025 and was charged 14 fees of $5.00. Method v3 adds 4.10% simple interest per fee to Nov 16, 2026: $4.17. Refund $74.17, by check to the new address the Payment agent found.

Which decisions are due this week?

Today: the REM-2026-07 population. Friday: 7 check reissues on REM-2026-03, and the REM-2026-06 payment file for Finance. REM-2025-14's unclaimed property report is 3 days overdue with Finance.

Build the close-out pack for REM-2025-11

The pack holds the program file, both population builds, the method, letters, payment files, check status and unclaimed property reports, every maker and checker, and Internal Audit's workpaper VM-26-019, with account numbers masked.

Every screen

The working solution, as it ships.

13 screens from the working solution, on its sample data. Pick one to see it large.

The customer remediation waterfallProgram REM-2026-07 as seven plain counts from accounts screened to unclaimed property, each with one cited sentence; Accounts affected says "Does not reconcile" until the population is decided.
Two population builds, blind to each otherPopulation A from fee postings finds 61,230 accounts; Population B, replaying every transfer across the new core and the legacy archive, finds 62,414. The difference is listed account by account.
The difference, cited to its sourceThe core conversion log opens from the citation: accounts closed before cutover were not converted, which is why one method missed 1,184 former customers.
The population approved with a reason codeThe program manager approves the analyst's proposal as checker, with reason code PD-1 and a note, after confirming she read both builds, the difference file and the conversion log.
Refunds recomputed, every step reconciling$8,914,220.40 in refunds with interest, split into 54,759 credits, 7,614 checks and 41 held for Legal, with $0.00 unaccounted.
A remediation calculation, fee by feeOne customer's refund with each fee's posting date, days and interest, the new address the agent found and what to tell her if she calls.
Exceptions, each paid the right wayDeceased, bankruptcy, charged-off, joint, no-address, complaint and Spanish-language groups, each with a proposed way to pay, decided in one step with a reason code.
A plain-language refund letterThe check letter at reading grade 6.1, each fact cited to the account record, waiting for the Consumer Compliance Officer to approve or return it.
The payment file and ledger entriesCredits, checks and holds totaling $8,914,220.40, with the general ledger entries against the remediation reserve; only Finance releases the file.
Returned checks and unclaimed property reportingOn another program, every check followed to cashed, outstanding or returned; new addresses found with a match score, reissues approved in one step, and checks with no address listed by state.
Approvals with separation of dutiesEvery decision waiting across the programs with its maker, approver and due date; the analyst is stopped from approving the payment file she prepared.
Close-out validated by Internal AuditA closed program's waterfall, all reconciling: a blind re-performance of 60 accounts, a rebuilt population and a general ledger tie-out before Internal Audit signs.
Audit trail and examiner exportWho did what, when, why and with which evidence, by people and agents, with export packs for examiners and Internal Audit and account numbers masked.
Governance

Customer remediation that is cited, reconciled and signed.

Every count cites its sourceEach number on the waterfall, each refund and each agent statement opens the record it came from: a posting history, the conversion log, a method version or an address match. Opening a source is recorded on the audit trail.
Two builds reconcile before anyone is paidTwo population agents with different methods and systems build the affected list blind. The difference tolerance is 0 accounts, and a step that does not tie to the one before it says "Does not reconcile" until a person decides with a reason code.
A maker and a different checkerEvery population, method, letter, payment file, reissue batch and close-out has a maker and a different approver. The program manager approves populations and methods, Compliance the letters, Finance the payment file and Internal Audit the close-out. No one approves their own work.
No tipping off, and need-to-know accessNo remediation screen, letter or export shows whether a SAR exists, and accounts with a SAR are paid like any other. People see only the programs they work, and account numbers are masked to the last four on every screen and export.
Versioned agents, methods and overridesAgent prompts, models and thresholds are versioned, and a new version runs on a closed program before it goes live. Methods are versioned and compared on the whole program before approval, and every override carries a reason code.
An audit trail examiners can followEvery action by people and agents is recorded with who, what, when, why and the evidence, and kept 7 years. Export packs for the CFPB, the OCC, Internal Audit or the board hold the program file, both builds, methods, letters, payment files and check status.
Configuration

Your remediation program's rules, as settings

Tolerances, interest, payees, clocks and privacy are settings. Every change is versioned, and the rules that protect customers, such as no setoff and SAR confidentiality, are locked.

SettingDefaultChoose from
Population difference0 accountsTwo builds must agree before payment
Calculation tolerance$0.00Calculation agent against Validation agent
Interest4.10% simple a year, per rate memo TF-26-0314.10% or the rate an order sets
Minimum amountNone: pay every affected accountNone or $1.00
Setoff against debtsNeverLocked off, by policy and commitment
Address match0.900.85, 0.90 or 0.95; below it, a person confirms the address
Check void180 days90 or 180 days; then held and reported as unclaimed property
Approval SLA3 business days, escalated to the CCO after 5Escalation after 3 or 5 business days
Connections

Works with the systems a remediation program already runs on

Core banking system and legacy archiveaccount, posting and fee history, including accounts closed before a core conversion
Issue register and complaint managementthe issue, its root cause and the linked complaints the program file is drafted from
General ledgerthe remediation reserve, credits, official checks outstanding and the close-out tie-out
Check printing vendorthe check file built by the Payment agent and released by Finance
Correspondence system, returned-mail file and address serviceapproved letters out; returned checks and new addresses in
Unclaimed property systemuncashed checks reported to the state of the last known address
What it changes

The difference, in numbers.

Every figure is labelled: a target the solution is built to, an estimate, a typical published result, or a proven one.

target
0
affected accounts left out before payment: two blind population builds must reconcile to zero difference
target
100%
of refund dollars traced to a final state: credited, cashed, reissued or reported as unclaimed property
Every dollar
traced to its end
estimated
60%
less time from population to payment, from about 10 weeks of extracts, spreadsheets and file building to about 4 weeks of review
By hand~10 weeks
With agents~4 weeks

“demo” = seen in the working solution, on its sample data · “target” = the design goal, measured in the live solution · “estimated” = our estimate (the split of weeks on one program) · “typical” = published figures (CFPB enforcement orders on consumerfinance.gov: a 2022 order requiring at least $141 million in overdraft refunds from a regional bank, and an earlier order with an estimated $48 million in relief). Rules named for context: UDAAP, 12 U.S.C. 5531 and 5536; Regulation DD, 12 CFR 1030; SAR confidentiality, 31 U.S.C. 5318(g)(2); state unclaimed property laws. The bank, programs, customers, accounts and people named on this page are fictional: characters and sample data in the working solution.

Questions

What compliance teams ask about customer remediation.

What is Customer Remediation?

Customer remediation in banking is the program a bank runs when it finds it charged customers wrongly: find every affected customer, current and former, refund each one with interest, and prove the population, the math and the payments to regulators and internal audit. Customer Remediation runs that program end to end with agents that build, compute, draft and follow the money, while people approve each step. The whole program reads as one waterfall of plain counts, and a step that does not tie to the one before it says so and shows why.

How does customer remediation find every affected customer, including closed accounts?

Two population agents build the affected list blind, with different methods and systems: one from fee postings, one by replaying every transaction against the fee schedule in force on its date, across the core and its legacy archive. The program cannot pay until they agree to 0 accounts. In the sample program they differed by 1,184 accounts closed before a core conversion, explained with the conversion log cited.

How is a remediation calculation done, with interest?

The Calculation agent computes each refund under an approved, versioned method and keeps the working for every fee. In the sample program, method v3 refunds each $5.00 fee plus interest of fee × 4.10% × days from posting to payment ÷ 365, rounded to the cent. Any account can be traced fee by fee, and a new method version is compared on the whole program before anyone approves it.

What happens to remediation checks that come back or are never cashed?

The Payment agent watches the returned-mail file, searches for a new address and proposes a reissue; a match below 0.90 goes to a person, and the program manager approves reissues in one step. Checks still uncashed after 180 days are held and reported as unclaimed property to the state of the last known address. A program closes only with $0.00 unaccounted.

Do people stay in control of each customer remediation decision?

Yes. Agents propose, explain and cite; they never approve a population, change a method, approve a letter or release a payment file. Every decision has a maker and a different approver: the program manager for populations and methods, Compliance for letters, Finance for the payment file and Internal Audit for close-out, and overrides carry a reason code.

Can a remediation letter or screen reveal a SAR?

No. SAR confidentiality is a locked setting: no remediation screen, letter or export shows whether a SAR exists, and accounts with a SAR are paid like any other. Letter templates carry no reference to any internal finding, investigation or report, and exports mask account numbers to the last four.

Which systems does it work with?

The core banking system and its legacy archive, the issue register and complaint management, the general ledger, the check printing vendor, the correspondence system, the returned-mail file, an address service and the unclaimed property system, each by its role in the program.

How long does it take to go live?

The Agentic Solution Engine builds and deploys it from your requirements and documents, such as your issue register entries, fee schedules, account and fee history, and your calculation method, and it goes live once every quality gate has passed. We will walk you through it on one of your own programs first.

See it on
your next program.

We'll run Customer Remediation on one of your own programs: your issue, your fee history and your method.